for line in open('foo'):
    print(line)

这相当于(但更好):

f = open('foo', 'r')
for line in f.readlines():
   print(line)
f.close()

从python 3.1(2.7)开始，支持字典和集推导式:

{ a:a for a in range(10) }
{ a for a in range(10) }

__getattr__ ()

getattr是一种创建泛型类的好方法，在编写API时尤其有用。例如，在FogBugz Python API中，getattr用于无缝地将方法调用传递给web服务:

class FogBugz:
    ...

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        # Let's leave the private stuff to Python
        if name.startswith("__"):
            raise AttributeError("No such attribute '%s'" % name)

        if not self.__handlerCache.has_key(name):
            def handler(**kwargs):
                return self.__makerequest(name, **kwargs)
            self.__handlerCache[name] = handler
        return self.__handlerCache[name]
    ...

当有人调用FogBugz.search(q='bug')时，他们实际上不会调用搜索方法。相反，getattr通过创建一个新函数来处理调用，该函数包装了makerequest方法，该方法将适当的HTTP请求发送给web API。任何错误都将由web服务分派并传递回用户。

Doctest:同时进行文档和单元测试。

从Python文档中提取的示例:

def factorial(n):
    """Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.

    If the result is small enough to fit in an int, return an int.
    Else return a long.

    >>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]
    [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
    >>> factorial(-1)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: n must be >= 0

    Factorials of floats are OK, but the float must be an exact integer:
    """

    import math
    if not n >= 0:
        raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
    if math.floor(n) != n:
        raise ValueError("n must be exact integer")
    if n+1 == n:  # catch a value like 1e300
        raise OverflowError("n too large")
    result = 1
    factor = 2
    while factor <= n:
        result *= factor
        factor += 1
    return result

def _test():
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()    

if __name__ == "__main__":
    _test()

隐式连接:

>>> print "Hello " "World"
Hello World

当你想让一个很长的文本适合脚本中的几行时很有用:

hello = "Greaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Hello " \
        "Word"

or

hello = ("Greaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Hello " 
         "Word")

可读正则表达式

在Python中，您可以将正则表达式拆分为多行，命名匹配并插入注释。

示例详细语法(来自Python):

>>> pattern = """
... ^                   # beginning of string
... M{0,4}              # thousands - 0 to 4 M's
... (CM|CD|D?C{0,3})    # hundreds - 900 (CM), 400 (CD), 0-300 (0 to 3 C's),
...                     #            or 500-800 (D, followed by 0 to 3 C's)
... (XC|XL|L?X{0,3})    # tens - 90 (XC), 40 (XL), 0-30 (0 to 3 X's),
...                     #        or 50-80 (L, followed by 0 to 3 X's)
... (IX|IV|V?I{0,3})    # ones - 9 (IX), 4 (IV), 0-3 (0 to 3 I's),
...                     #        or 5-8 (V, followed by 0 to 3 I's)
... $                   # end of string
... """
>>> re.search(pattern, 'M', re.VERBOSE)

命名匹配示例(摘自正则表达式HOWTO)

>>> p = re.compile(r'(?P<word>\b\w+\b)')
>>> m = p.search( '(((( Lots of punctuation )))' )
>>> m.group('word')
'Lots'

由于字符串字面值的串联，你也可以在不使用re.VERBOSE的情况下详细地编写一个正则表达式。

>>> pattern = (
...     "^"                 # beginning of string
...     "M{0,4}"            # thousands - 0 to 4 M's
...     "(CM|CD|D?C{0,3})"  # hundreds - 900 (CM), 400 (CD), 0-300 (0 to 3 C's),
...                         #            or 500-800 (D, followed by 0 to 3 C's)
...     "(XC|XL|L?X{0,3})"  # tens - 90 (XC), 40 (XL), 0-30 (0 to 3 X's),
...                         #        or 50-80 (L, followed by 0 to 3 X's)
...     "(IX|IV|V?I{0,3})"  # ones - 9 (IX), 4 (IV), 0-3 (0 to 3 I's),
...                         #        or 5-8 (V, followed by 0 to 3 I's)
...     "$"                 # end of string
... )
>>> print pattern
"^M{0,4}(CM|CD|D?C{0,3})(XC|XL|L?X{0,3})(IX|IV|V?I{0,3})$"