每当我使用sys.path。追加,新目录将被添加。然而,一旦我关闭python,列表将恢复到以前的(默认?)值。如何将目录永久添加到PYTHONPATH?


当前回答

在Mac上:

user@terminal$ env PYTHONPATH=module_path python3
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['module_path', 'plus_other_python3_paths',...]

其他回答

在linux上,您可以创建从包到PYTHONPATH目录的符号链接,而不必处理环境变量。喜欢的东西:

ln -s /your/path /usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/

对我来说,当我更改.bash_profile文件时,它起作用了。只是改变.bashrc文件工作,直到我重新启动shell。

对于python 2.7,它应该是这样的:

export PYTHONPATH="$PYTHONPATH:/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python"

在.bash_profile文件的末尾。

为了给出更多的解释,Python将使用site.py脚本(通常位于sys. py中)自动构造它的搜索路径(如上所述和这里)。Prefix + lib/python<version>/site-packages以及lib/site-python)。可以获取sys.prefix的值:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.prefix)'

The site.py script then adds a number of directories, dependent upon the platform, such as /usr/{lib,share}/python<version>/dist-packages, /usr/local/lib/python<version>/dist-packages to the search path and also searches these paths for <package>.pth config files which contain specific additional search paths. For example easy-install maintains its collection of installed packages which are added to a system specific file e.g on Ubuntu it's /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/easy-install.pth. On a typical system there are a bunch of these .pth files around which can explain some unexpected paths in sys.path:

python -c 'import sys; print(sys.path)'

因此,可以创建一个.pth文件,并将其放在这些目录中的任何一个目录中(包括上面提到的sitedir)。这似乎是大多数包被添加到系统的方式。而不是使用PYTHONPATH。

Note: On OSX there's a special additional search path added by site.py for 'framework builds' (but seems to work for normal command line use of python): /Library/Python/<version>/site-packages (e.g. for Python2.7: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/) which is where 3rd party packages are supposed to be installed (see the README in that dir). So one can add a path configuration file in there containing additional search paths e.g. create a file called /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-usr-local.pth which contains /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ and then the system python will add that search path.

在多次撞击墙壁后。最终解决的问题是,在我的CentOS 8中,pip3是旧的,它在安装最新的软件包时显示错误。

现在,我已经下载了Python源包,它是Python-3.10.4,并以通常的方式安装,但是安装后检查在bash中产生了错误。

我不能删除现有的Python,因为这会破坏CentOS的桌面功能。

解决方案:

为构建

./configure //不要添加——prefix=/usr,你需要适当地设置 使-j8 Sudo make install

现在,由于您安装了多个Python,您可以设置别名Python =python3

以及设置PYTHONPATH

export PYTHONPATH="/usr/local/bin/python3.10:/usr/local/lib/python3.10/lib-dynload:/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages"

不要添加PYTHONHOME

对于那些(像我一样)不想太深入地参与Python文件管理(这似乎过于复杂)的人来说,在我的Windows 11笔记本电脑上创建.pth文件工作得非常完美(我在Windows中使用Visual Studio Code)。所以只要找到你的虚拟环境站点包的文件夹——这是我的:

创建一个扩展名为.pth的文本文件——我把我的文件命名为wheal.pth:

为它添加路径:

在VS Code中最好的事情是导入语句可以识别这个路径(我不得不退出VS Code并返回),所以现在更多的输入# type: ignore来抑制linting警告消息!