这个知识是基于我正在学习Java，虽然Java和Javascript是不同的，但单例的概念和Java如何做到这一点是一样的。在我看来，JS的类样式本身是干净的，而不是var初始化。

class Singleton {
    // use hashtag which entails that the variable can only be accessed from self scope
    static #instance = null;
    static getInstance() {
        if (this.#instance === null) this.#instance = new Singleton();
        return this.#instance;
    }

    // some class property
    hello = 'world';

    // or initialize the variable in the constructor, depend on your preference
    constructor() {
        // this.hello = 'world';
    }

    /* you can also add parameters on the constructor & getInstance
     * e.g. 
     * static getInstance(param1, param2) {...new Singleton(param1, param2)}
     * constructor(param1, param2) {...}
     */

}




// this is the same code for java and normal way for singleton for class
// just use static so you can get instance


// testing the singleton
var s1,s2;
s1 = Singleton.getInstance();
s2 = Singleton.getInstance();

// you cannot access the property, immediately
if (Singleton.hello === undefined) console.log('getInstance so you can access this');

console.log(s1.hello);
// result: "world"

console.log(s2.hello);
// result: "world"


// set the value of Singleton object
s2.hello = "hi";
    console.log(s1.hello);
    // result: "hi"

    console.log(s2.hello);
    // result: "hi"
// this is just an evidence which means that they are the same even in property level

if (s1 === s2) console.log("S1 & S2 is the same object");
// result: "S1 & S2 is the same object"

// don't use something like `var s1 = new Singleton();`
// this will defeat your purpose of just (1 object), one instance of class

我发现下面是最简单的单例模式，因为使用new操作符可以立即在函数中使用它，消除了返回对象字面量的需要:

Var singleton = new(函数(){ var private = "一个私有值"; 这一点。printSomething = function() { console.log(私人); ｝ }) (); singleton.printSomething ();

我需要几个单人间:

延迟初始化 初始参数

这就是我想到的:

createSingleton ('a', 'add', [1, 2]);
console.log(a);

function createSingleton (name, construct, args) {
    window[name] = {};
    window[construct].apply(window[name], args);
    window[construct] = null;
}

function add (a, b) {
    this.a = a;
    this.b = b;
    this.sum = a + b;
}

args必须是Array，所以如果你有空变量，只需要传入[] 我在函数中使用了window对象，但我本可以传入一个参数来创建自己的作用域 name和构造参数只是字符串，以便window[]工作，但有一些简单的类型检查，window.name和window.name。构造也是可能的。

我不确定我是否同意用模块模式来代替单例模式。我经常看到单例对象在完全没有必要的地方被使用和滥用，我确信模块模式填补了程序员使用单例对象的许多空白。然而，模块模式不是单例的。

模块模式:

var foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    function aPrivateFunction() {}
    return { aPublicFunction: function () {...}, ... };
}());

在模块模式中初始化的所有内容都在声明Foo时发生。此外，模块模式可用于初始化构造函数，然后可以多次实例化构造函数。虽然模块模式是许多工作的正确工具，但它并不等同于单例模式。

单例模式:

简式

var Foo = function () {
    "use strict";
    if (Foo._instance) {
        // This allows the constructor to be called multiple times
        // and refer to the same instance. Another option is to
        // throw an error.
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
    // Foo initialization code
};
Foo.getInstance = function () {
    "use strict";
    return Foo._instance || new Foo();
}

长格式，使用模块模式

var Foo = (function () {
    "use strict";
    var instance; //prevent modification of "instance" variable
    function Singleton() {
        if (instance) {
            return instance;
        }
        instance = this;
        //Singleton initialization code
    }
    // Instance accessor
    Singleton.getInstance = function () {
        return instance || new Singleton();
    }
    return Singleton;
}());

在我提供的两个版本的单例模式中，构造函数本身都可以用作访问器:

var a,
    b;
a = new Foo(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = new Foo();
console.log(a === b); //true

如果你不习惯这样使用构造函数，你可以在If (instance)语句中抛出一个错误，并坚持使用长形式:

var a,
    b;
a = Foo.getInstance(); // Constructor initialization happens here
b = Foo.getInstance();
console.log(a === b); // true

我还应该提到，单例模式很适合隐式构造函数模式:

function Foo() {
    if (Foo._instance) {
        return Foo._instance;
    }
    // If the function wasn't called as a constructor,
    // call it as a constructor and return the result
    if (!(this instanceof Foo)) {
        return new Foo();
    }
    Foo._instance = this;
}
var f = new Foo(); // Calls Foo as a constructor
-or-
var f = Foo(); // Also calls Foo as a constructor

你可以这样做:

var singleton = new (function() {
  var bar = 123

  this.foo = function() {
    // Whatever
  }
})()

我从JavaScript模式中得到了这个例子 用编码和设计模式构建更好的应用程序一书(Stoyan Stefanov著)。如果你需要一些简单的实现类，比如单例对象，你可以使用一个直接函数，如下所示:

var ClassName;

(function() {
    var instance;
    ClassName = function ClassName() {
        // If the private instance variable is already initialized, return a reference
        if(instance) {
            return instance;
        }
        // If the instance is not created, save a pointer of the original reference
        // to the private instance variable.
        instance = this;

        // All constructor initialization will be here
        // i.e.:
        this.someProperty = 0;
        this.someMethod = function() {
            // Some action here
        };
    };
}());

你可以通过下面的测试用例来检查这个例子:

// Extending defined class like singleton object using the new prototype property
ClassName.prototype.nothing = true;
var obj_1 = new ClassName();

// Extending the defined class like a singleton object using the new prototype property
ClassName.prototype.everything = true;
var obj_2 = new ClassName();

// Testing makes these two objects point to the same instance
console.log(obj_1 === obj_2); // Result is true, and it points to the same instance object

// All prototype properties work
// no matter when they were defined
console.log(obj_1.nothing && obj_1.everything
            && obj_2.nothing && obj_2.everything); // Result true

// Values of properties which are defined inside of the constructor
console.log(obj_1.someProperty); // Outputs 0
console.log(obj_2.someProperty); // Outputs 0

// Changing property value
obj_1.someProperty = 1;

console.log(obj_1.someProperty); // Output 1
console.log(obj_2.someProperty); // Output 1

console.log(obj_1.constructor === ClassName); // Output true

这种方法通过了所有测试用例，而当使用原型扩展时，私有静态实现将失败(它可以被修复，但并不简单)，而公共静态实现则不太可取，因为实例是公开给公众的。

jsFiddly demo.