It's 'Dirty' way of using memory addresses. When you return an address (pointer) you don't know whether it belongs to local scope of a function. It's just an address. Now that you invoked the 'foo' function, that address (memory location) of 'a' was already allocated there in the (safely, for now at least) addressable memory of your application (process). After the 'foo' function returned, the address of 'a' can be considered 'dirty' but it's there, not cleaned up, nor disturbed/modified by expressions in other part of program (in this specific case at least). A C/C++ compiler doesn't stop you from such 'dirty' access (might warn you though, if you care). You can safely use (update) any memory location that is in the data segment of your program instance (process) unless you protect the address by some means.

它之所以能工作，是因为自从a被放入堆栈以来，堆栈(还没有)被改变过。 在再次访问a之前调用一些其他函数(它们也调用其他函数)，你可能不会再那么幸运了……: -)

因为存储空间还没有被践踏。不要指望那种行为。

你只是返回一个内存地址，这是允许的，但可能是一个错误。

是的，如果你试图解引用该内存地址，你将有未定义的行为。

int * ref () {

 int tmp = 100;
 return &tmp;
}

int main () {

 int * a = ref();
 //Up until this point there is defined results
 //You can even print the address returned
 // but yes probably a bug

 cout << *a << endl;//Undefined results
}

如果使用::printf而不使用cout，控制台输出的内容可能会发生巨大变化。 你可以在以下代码中使用调试器(在x86, 32位，MSVisual Studio上测试):

char* foo() 
{
  char buf[10];
  ::strcpy(buf, "TEST”);
  return buf;
}

int main() 
{
  char* s = foo();    //place breakpoint & check 's' varialbe here
  ::printf("%s\n", s); 
}

这是典型的未定义行为，两天前在这里讨论过——搜索一下网站。简而言之，您是幸运的，但是任何事情都可能发生，并且您的代码正在对内存进行无效的访问。