将min与迭代器一起使用(对于python 3使用items而不是iteritems);使用itemgetter from操作符代替lambda，这比lambda快。

from operator import itemgetter
min_key, _ = min(d.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(1))

对于你有多个最小键并且想要保持简单的情况

def minimums(some_dict):
    positions = [] # output variable
    min_value = float("inf")
    for k, v in some_dict.items():
        if v == min_value:
            positions.append(k)
        if v < min_value:
            min_value = v
            positions = [] # output variable
            positions.append(k)

    return positions

minimums({'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':-1, 'd':0, 'e':-1})

['e', 'c']

如果你不确定你没有多个最小值，我建议:

d = {320:1, 321:0, 322:3, 323:0}
print ', '.join(str(key) for min_value in (min(d.values()),) for key in d if d[key]==min_value)

"""Output:
321, 323
"""

# python 
d={320:1, 321:0, 322:3}
reduce(lambda x,y: x if d[x]<=d[y] else y, d.iterkeys())
  321

另一种解决具有相同最小值的多个键的方法:

>>> dd = {320:1, 321:0, 322:3, 323:0}
>>>
>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> from operator import itemgetter
>>>
>>> print [v for k,v in groupby(sorted((v,k) for k,v in dd.iteritems()), key=itemgetter(0)).next()[1]]
[321, 323]

Min (d.s items()， key=lambda x: x[1])[0]