我试图使用正则表达式来提取模式内的单词。
我有一些像这样的弦
someline abc
someother line
name my_user_name is valid
some more lines
我想提取单词my_user_name。我这样做
import re
s = #that big string
p = re.compile("name .* is valid", re.flags)
p.match(s) # this gives me <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x026B6838>
我现在如何提取my_user_name ?
当前回答
你可以使用这样的代码:
import re
s = #that big string
# the parenthesis create a group with what was matched
# and '\w' matches only alphanumeric charactes
p = re.compile("name +(\w+) +is valid", re.flags)
# use search(), so the match doesn't have to happen
# at the beginning of "big string"
m = p.search(s)
# search() returns a Match object with information about what was matched
if m:
name = m.group(1)
else:
raise Exception('name not found')
其他回答
你可以使用这样的代码:
import re
s = #that big string
# the parenthesis create a group with what was matched
# and '\w' matches only alphanumeric charactes
p = re.compile("name +(\w+) +is valid", re.flags)
# use search(), so the match doesn't have to happen
# at the beginning of "big string"
m = p.search(s)
# search() returns a Match object with information about what was matched
if m:
name = m.group(1)
else:
raise Exception('name not found')
这里有一种不使用组的方法(Python 3.6或以上):
>>> re.search('2\d\d\d[01]\d[0-3]\d', 'report_20191207.xml')[0]
'20191207'
您需要从正则表达式中捕获。搜索模式，如果找到，使用group(index)检索字符串。假设执行了有效的检查:
>>> p = re.compile("name (.*) is valid")
>>> result = p.search(s)
>>> result
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x10555e738>
>>> result.group(1) # group(1) will return the 1st capture (stuff within the brackets).
# group(0) will returned the entire matched text.
'my_user_name'
您还可以使用捕获组(?P<user>模式)并像字典匹配['user']一样访问组。
string = '''someline abc\n
someother line\n
name my_user_name is valid\n
some more lines\n'''
pattern = r'name (?P<user>.*) is valid'
matches = re.search(pattern, str(string), re.DOTALL)
print(matches['user'])
# my_user_name
您可以使用组(用'('和')'表示)来捕获字符串的部分内容。匹配对象的group()方法会给出组的内容:
>>> import re
>>> s = 'name my_user_name is valid'
>>> match = re.search('name (.*) is valid', s)
>>> match.group(0) # the entire match
'name my_user_name is valid'
>>> match.group(1) # the first parenthesized subgroup
'my_user_name'
在Python 3.6+中，你也可以索引到匹配对象中，而不是使用group():
>>> match[0] # the entire match
'name my_user_name is valid'
>>> match[1] # the first parenthesized subgroup
'my_user_name'
