Ruby是通过引用传递还是通过值传递?

Ruby是引用传递。总是这样。没有例外。没有如果。少啰嗦

下面是一个简单的程序，说明了这一事实:

def foo(bar)
  bar.object_id
end

baz = 'value'

puts "#{baz.object_id} Ruby is pass-by-reference #{foo(baz)} because object_id's (memory addresses) are always the same ;)"

=> 2279146940 Ruby是引用传递的2279146940，因为object_id(内存地址)总是相同的;)

def bar(babar)
  babar.replace("reference")
end

bar(baz)

puts "some people don't realize it's reference because local assignment can take precedence, but it's clearly pass-by-#{baz}"

=>有些人没有意识到它是引用，因为局部赋值可以优先，但它显然是引用传递

已经有了一些很好的答案，但我想在这里发布关于这个主题的一对权威的定义，但也希望有人能解释一下权威Matz (Ruby的创造者)和David Flanagan在他们的O'Reilly著作《Ruby编程语言》中所说的意思。

[from 3.8.1: Object References] When you pass an object to a method in Ruby, it is an object reference that is passed to the method. It is not the object itself, and it is not a reference to the reference to the object. Another way to say this is that method arguments are passed by value rather than by reference, but that the values passed are object references. Because object references are passed to methods, methods can use those references to modify the underlying object. These modifications are then visible when the method returns.

直到最后一段，尤其是最后一句，我才明白这一切。往好了说是误导，往坏了说是混淆。对值传递引用的修改如何以任何方式改变底层对象?

Ruby是通过引用传递还是通过值传递?

Ruby是引用传递。总是这样。没有例外。没有如果。少啰嗦

下面是一个简单的程序，说明了这一事实:

def foo(bar)
  bar.object_id
end

baz = 'value'

puts "#{baz.object_id} Ruby is pass-by-reference #{foo(baz)} because object_id's (memory addresses) are always the same ;)"

=> 2279146940 Ruby是引用传递的2279146940，因为object_id(内存地址)总是相同的;)

def bar(babar)
  babar.replace("reference")
end

bar(baz)

puts "some people don't realize it's reference because local assignment can take precedence, but it's clearly pass-by-#{baz}"

=>有些人没有意识到它是引用，因为局部赋值可以优先，但它显然是引用传递

Ruby是通过引用传递还是通过值传递?

Ruby是值传递。总是这样。没有例外。没有如果。少啰嗦

下面是一个简单的程序，说明了这一事实:

def foo(bar)
  bar = 'reference'
end

baz = 'value'

foo(baz)

puts "Ruby is pass-by-#{baz}"
# Ruby is pass-by-value

需要注意的是，您甚至不需要使用“replace”方法来更改原始值。如果你为一个哈希值分配了其中一个哈希值，你就是在改变原始值。

def my_foo(a_hash)
  a_hash["test"]="reference"
end;

hash = {"test"=>"value"}
my_foo(hash)
puts "Ruby is pass-by-#{hash["test"]}"

Two references refer to same object as long as there is no reassignment. 

同一对象中的任何更新都不会引用到新的内存，因为它仍然在相同的内存中。 以下是一些例子:

    a = "first string"
    b = a



    b.upcase! 
    => FIRST STRING
    a
    => FIRST STRING

    b = "second string"


a
    => FIRST STRING
    hash = {first_sub_hash: {first_key: "first_value"}}
first_sub_hash = hash[:first_sub_hash]
first_sub_hash[:second_key] = "second_value"

    hash
    => {first_sub_hash: {first_key: "first_value", second_key: "second_value"}}

    def change(first_sub_hash)
    first_sub_hash[:third_key] = "third_value"
    end

    change(first_sub_hash)

    hash
    =>  {first_sub_hash: {first_key: "first_value", second_key: "second_value", third_key: "third_value"}}