如果你喜欢基于性能的解决方案，那么你可以使用“MiGBase64”

http://migbase64.sourceforge.net/

public class Base64Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    String encodeToString = Base64.encodeToString("JavaTips.net".getBytes(), true);
    System.out.println("encodeToString " + encodeToString);
    byte[] decodedBytes = Base64.decode(encodeToString.getBytes());
    System.out.println("decodedBytes " + new String(decodedBytes));
    }
}

给出一个javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter的测试编码/解码示例，使用方法parseBase64Binary()和printBase64Binary()引用@jeremy-ross和@nightfirecat answer。

@Test
public void EncodeDecode() {
    //ENCODE
    String hello = "Hello World";
    byte[] helloBytes = hello.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    String encodedHello = DatatypeConverter.printBase64Binary(helloBytes);
    LOGGER.info(hello + " encoded=> " + encodedHello);

    //DECODE
    byte[] encodedHelloBytes = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(encodedHello);
    String helloAgain = new String(encodedHelloBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8) ;
    LOGGER.info(encodedHello + " decoded=> " + helloAgain);

    Assert.assertEquals(hello, helloAgain);
}

结果:

INFO - Hello World encoded=> SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=
INFO - SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ= decoded=> Hello World

另一个迟来的答案，但我的基准测试表明，Jetty的Base64编码器的实现非常快。不如MiGBase64快，但比iHarder Base64快。

import org.eclipse.jetty.util.B64Code;

final String decoded = B64Code.decode(encoded, "UTF-8");

我还做了一些基准测试:

      library     |    encode    |    decode   
------------------+--------------+-------------
 'MiGBase64'      |  10146001.00 |  6426446.00
 'Jetty B64Code'  |   8846191.00 |  3101361.75
 'iHarder Base64' |   3259590.50 |  2505280.00
 'Commons-Codec'  |    241318.04 |   255179.96

这些是每秒跑数，所以越高越好。

如果你喜欢基于性能的解决方案，那么你可以使用“MiGBase64”

http://migbase64.sourceforge.net/

public class Base64Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    String encodeToString = Base64.encodeToString("JavaTips.net".getBytes(), true);
    System.out.println("encodeToString " + encodeToString);
    byte[] decodedBytes = Base64.decode(encodeToString.getBytes());
    System.out.println("decodedBytes " + new String(decodedBytes));
    }
}

特别是在通用Codec:类Base64解码(byte[]数组)或编码(byte[]数组)

在用Java 7编译但可能运行在更高Java版本的代码中，检测Java .util的存在似乎很有用。Base64类，并使用在这里的其他问题中提到的给定JVM的最佳方法。

我使用了下面的代码:

private static final Method JAVA_UTIL_BASE64_GETENCODER;

static {
    Method getEncoderMethod;
    try {
        final Class<?> base64Class = Class.forName("java.util.Base64");
        getEncoderMethod = base64Class.getMethod("getEncoder");
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
        getEncoderMethod = null;
    }
    JAVA_UTIL_BASE64_GETENCODER = getEncoderMethod;
}

static String base64EncodeToString(String s) {
    final byte[] bytes = s.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
    if (JAVA_UTIL_BASE64_GETENCODER == null) {
        // Java 7 and older // TODO: remove this branch after switching to Java 8
        return DatatypeConverter.printBase64Binary(bytes);
    } else {
        // Java 8 and newer
        try {
            final Object encoder = JAVA_UTIL_BASE64_GETENCODER.invoke(null);
            final Class<?> encoderClass = encoder.getClass();
            final Method encodeMethod = encoderClass.getMethod("encode", byte[].class);
            final byte[] encodedBytes = (byte[]) encodeMethod.invoke(encoder, bytes);
            return new String(encodedBytes);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        }
    }
}