下面的函数foo返回一个字符串'foo'。我如何才能获得从线程的目标返回的值'foo' ?
from threading import Thread
def foo(bar):
print('hello {}'.format(bar))
return 'foo'
thread = Thread(target=foo, args=('world!',))
thread.start()
return_value = thread.join()
上面所示的“一种明显的方法”不起作用:thread.join()返回None。
使用队列:
import threading, queue
def calc_square(num, out_queue1):
l = []
for x in num:
l.append(x*x)
out_queue1.put(l)
arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
out_queue1=queue.Queue()
t1=threading.Thread(target=calc_square, args=(arr,out_queue1))
t1.start()
t1.join()
print (out_queue1.get())
根据上面提到的,下面是适用于Python3的更通用的解决方案。
import threading
class ThreadWithReturnValue(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, *init_args, **init_kwargs):
threading.Thread.__init__(self, *init_args, **init_kwargs)
self._return = None
def run(self):
self._return = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
def join(self):
threading.Thread.join(self)
return self._return
使用
th = ThreadWithReturnValue(target=requests.get, args=('http://www.google.com',))
th.start()
response = th.join()
response.status_code # => 200
我正在使用这个包装器,它可以轻松地将任何函数转换为在线程中运行-照顾它的返回值或异常。它不会增加队列开销。
def threading_func(f):
"""Decorator for running a function in a thread and handling its return
value or exception"""
def start(*args, **kw):
def run():
try:
th.ret = f(*args, **kw)
except:
th.exc = sys.exc_info()
def get(timeout=None):
th.join(timeout)
if th.exc:
raise th.exc[0], th.exc[1], th.exc[2] # py2
##raise th.exc[1] #py3
return th.ret
th = threading.Thread(None, run)
th.exc = None
th.get = get
th.start()
return th
return start
用法示例
def f(x):
return 2.5 * x
th = threading_func(f)(4)
print("still running?:", th.is_alive())
print("result:", th.get(timeout=1.0))
@threading_func
def th_mul(a, b):
return a * b
th = th_mul("text", 2.5)
try:
print(th.get())
except TypeError:
print("exception thrown ok.")
线程模块注意事项
线程函数的舒适返回值和异常处理是“python”的常见需求,而且threading模块应该已经提供了——可能直接在标准Thread类中。对于简单的任务,ThreadPool有太多的开销——3个管理线程,很多官僚主义。不幸的是,线程的布局最初是从Java中复制的——例如,从仍然无用的构造函数参数组1 (!)
GuySoft的想法很棒,但我认为对象不一定要从Thread继承,start()可以从接口中删除:
from threading import Thread
import queue
class ThreadWithReturnValue(object):
def __init__(self, target=None, args=(), **kwargs):
self._que = queue.Queue()
self._t = Thread(target=lambda q,arg1,kwargs1: q.put(target(*arg1, **kwargs1)) ,
args=(self._que, args, kwargs), )
self._t.start()
def join(self):
self._t.join()
return self._que.get()
def foo(bar):
print('hello {0}'.format(bar))
return "foo"
twrv = ThreadWithReturnValue(target=foo, args=('world!',))
print(twrv.join()) # prints foo
定义你的目标
1)采取一个论点q
2)用q.put(foo)替换return foo的任何语句;返回
一个函数
def func(a):
ans = a * a
return ans
将成为
def func(a, q):
ans = a * a
q.put(ans)
return
然后你就可以这样做了
from Queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
ans_q = Queue()
arg_tups = [(i, ans_q) for i in xrange(10)]
threads = [Thread(target=func, args=arg_tup) for arg_tup in arg_tups]
_ = [t.start() for t in threads]
_ = [t.join() for t in threads]
results = [q.get() for _ in xrange(len(threads))]
你可以使用函数装饰器/包装器来实现它,这样你就可以使用现有的函数作为目标,而不需要修改它们,但要遵循这个基本方案。