Javascript解决NxN矩阵与运行时O(N^2)和内存O(1)

  function rotate90(matrix){
    var length = matrix.length
    for(var row = 0; row < (length / 2); row++){
      for(var col = row; col < ( length - 1 - row); col++){
        var tmpVal = matrix[row][col];
        for(var i = 0; i < 4; i++){
          var rowSwap = col;
          var colSwap = (length - 1) - row;
          var poppedVal = matrix[rowSwap][colSwap];
          matrix[rowSwap][colSwap] = tmpVal;
          tmpVal = poppedVal;
          col = colSwap;
          row = rowSwap;
        }
      }
    }
  }

O(n²)时间和O(1)空间算法(没有任何变通方法和恶作剧的东西!)

旋转+90:

转置 反转每行

旋转-90:

方法一:

转置 反转每一列

方法二:

反转每行 转置

旋转180度:

方法一:旋转+90两次

方法2:反转每行，然后反转每列(转置)

旋转-180度:

方法一:旋转-90度2次

方法二:先反转每一列，再反转每一行

方法三:旋转+180，因为它们是相同的

下面是我的Ruby版本(注意，值显示的不一样，但它仍然按照描述旋转)。

def rotate(matrix)
  result = []
  4.times { |x|
    result[x] = []
    4.times { |y|
      result[x][y] = matrix[y][3 - x]
    }
  }

  result
end

matrix = []
matrix[0] = [1,2,3,4]
matrix[1] = [5,6,7,8]
matrix[2] = [9,0,1,2]
matrix[3] = [3,4,5,6]

def print_matrix(matrix)
  4.times { |y|
    4.times { |x|
      print "#{matrix[x][y]} "
    }
    puts ""
  }
end

print_matrix(matrix)
puts ""
print_matrix(rotate(matrix))

输出:

1 5 9 3 
2 6 0 4 
3 7 1 5 
4 8 2 6 

4 3 2 1 
8 7 6 5 
2 1 0 9 
6 5 4 3

虽然旋转数据可能是必要的(也许是为了更新物理存储的表示)，但在数组访问上添加一层间接层(也许是一个接口)会变得更简单，可能更性能:

interface IReadableMatrix
{
    int GetValue(int x, int y);
}

如果你的矩阵已经实现了这个接口，那么它可以通过这样一个装饰器类来旋转:

class RotatedMatrix : IReadableMatrix
{
    private readonly IReadableMatrix _baseMatrix;

    public RotatedMatrix(IReadableMatrix baseMatrix)
    {
        _baseMatrix = baseMatrix;
    }

    int GetValue(int x, int y)
    {
        // transpose x and y dimensions
        return _baseMatrix(y, x);
    }
}

旋转+90/-90/180度，水平/垂直翻转和缩放都可以以这种方式实现。

Performance would need to be measured in your specific scenario. However the O(n^2) operation has now been replaced with an O(1) call. It's a virtual method call which is slower than direct array access, so it depends upon how frequently the rotated array is used after rotation. If it's used once, then this approach would definitely win. If it's rotated then used in a long-running system for days, then in-place rotation might perform better. It also depends whether you can accept the up-front cost.

与所有性能问题一样，测量，测量，测量!

JavaScript解决方案旋转矩阵90度的地方:

function rotateBy90(m) {
  var length = m.length;
  //for each layer of the matrix
  for (var first = 0; first < length >> 1; first++) {
    var last = length - 1 - first;
    for (var i = first; i < last; i++) {
      var top = m[first][i]; //store top
      m[first][i] = m[last - i][first]; //top = left
      m[last - i][first] = m[last][last - i]; //left = bottom
      m[last][last - i] = m[i][last]; //bottom = right
      m[i][last] = top; //right = top
    }
  }
  return m;
}

为新手程序员，在纯c++。(宝蓝的东西)

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main()
{
    clrscr();

    int arr[10][10];        // 2d array that holds input elements 
    int result[10][10];     //holds result

    int m,n;                //rows and columns of arr[][]
    int x,y;                //rows and columns of result[][]

    int i,j;                //loop variables
    int t;                  //temporary , holds data while conversion

    cout<<"Enter no. of rows and columns of array: ";
    cin>>m>>n;
    cout<<"\nEnter elements of array: \n\n";
    for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        for(j = 0; j<n ; j++)
        {
          cin>>arr[i][j];         // input array elements from user
        }
    }


   //rotating matrix by +90 degrees

    x = n ;                      //for non-square matrix
    y = m ;     

    for(i = 0; i < x; i++)
    {  t = m-1;                     // to create required array bounds
       for(j = 0; j < y; j++)
       {
          result[i][j] = arr[t][i];
          t--;
       }
   }

   //print result

   cout<<"\nRotated matrix is: \n\n";
   for(i = 0; i < x; i++)
   {
       for(j = 0; j < y; j++)
       {
             cout<<result[i][j]<<" ";
       }
       cout<<"\n";
   }

   getch();
   return 0;
}