看第一个字母:

first(str) // retrieve first letter

更多: http://sketchytech.blogspot.com/2014/08/swift-pure-swift-method-for-returning.html

在Swift 3中，没有对String类的扩展，就像我能做的那样简单!

let myString = "abcedfg"
let characterLocationIndex = myString.index(myString.startIndex, offsetBy: 3)
let myCharacter = myString[characterLocationIndex]

本例中的myCharacter为“3”。

斯威夫特4.2

这个答案是理想的，因为它在一个扩展中扩展了String及其所有子序列(Substring)

public extension StringProtocol {
    
    public subscript (i: Int) -> Element {
        return self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
    }

    public subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[start...end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[start..<end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[startIndex..<end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
        return self[startIndex...end]
    }
    
    public subscript (bounds: CountablePartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
        return self[start..<endIndex]
    }
}

使用

var str = "Hello, playground"

print(str[5...][...5][0])
// Prints ","

Swift 4.2或更高版本

使用String的indexes属性进行范围和部分范围下标

作为@LeoDabus nice answer的变体，我们可以为DefaultIndices添加一个额外的扩展，目的是允许我们在为后者实现自定义下标(通过Int专用范围和部分范围)时使用String的indexes属性。

extension DefaultIndices {
    subscript(at: Int) -> Elements.Index { index(startIndex, offsetBy: at) }
}

// Moving the index(_:offsetBy:) to an extension yields slightly
// briefer implementations for these String extensions.
extension String {
    subscript(range: Range<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = indices[range.lowerBound]
        return self[start..<indices[start...][range.count]]
    }
    subscript(range: ClosedRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        let start = indices[range.lowerBound]
        return self[start...indices[start...][range.count]]
    }
    subscript(range: PartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        self[indices[range.lowerBound]...]
    }
    subscript(range: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        self[...indices[range.upperBound]]
    }
    subscript(range: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> SubSequence {
        self[..<indices[range.upperBound]]
    }
}

let str = "foo bar baz bax"
print(str[4..<6]) // "ba"
print(str[4...6]) // "bar"
print(str[4...])  // "bar baz bax"
print(str[...6])  // "foo bar"
print(str[..<6])  // "foo ba"

感谢@LeoDabus指出我在使用索引属性作为字符串下标的(其他)替代方案的方向!

我的解决方法很简单:

斯威夫特4.1:

let myString = "Test string"
let index = 0
let firstCharacter = myString[String.Index(encodedOffset: index)]

斯威夫特5.1:

let firstCharacter = myString[String.Index.init(utf16Offset: index, in: myString)]

swift字符串类不提供在特定索引处获取字符的能力，因为它本身支持UTF字符。UTF字符在内存中的可变长度使得直接跳转到字符是不可能的。这意味着每次都必须手动遍历字符串。

您可以扩展String以提供一个方法，该方法将遍历字符，直到您需要的索引

extension String {
    func characterAtIndex(index: Int) -> Character? {
        var cur = 0
        for char in self {
            if cur == index {
                return char
            }
            cur++
        }
        return nil
    }
}

myString.characterAtIndex(0)!