我怎样才能得到字符串的第n个字符?我尝试了括号([])访问器，没有运气。
var string = "Hello, world!"
var firstChar = string[0] // Throws error
错误:'下标'是不可用的:不能下标String与Int，请参阅文档注释讨论
当前回答
我的解决方案是在一行中，假设cadena是字符串，4是你想要的第n个位置:
let character = cadena[advance(cadena.startIndex, 4)]
简单的…我想Swift在未来的版本中会包含更多关于子字符串的内容。
其他回答
Swift 4.2或更高版本
使用String的indexes属性进行范围和部分范围下标
作为@LeoDabus nice answer的变体，我们可以为DefaultIndices添加一个额外的扩展，目的是允许我们在为后者实现自定义下标(通过Int专用范围和部分范围)时使用String的indexes属性。
extension DefaultIndices {
subscript(at: Int) -> Elements.Index { index(startIndex, offsetBy: at) }
}
// Moving the index(_:offsetBy:) to an extension yields slightly
// briefer implementations for these String extensions.
extension String {
subscript(range: Range<Int>) -> SubSequence {
let start = indices[range.lowerBound]
return self[start..<indices[start...][range.count]]
}
subscript(range: ClosedRange<Int>) -> SubSequence {
let start = indices[range.lowerBound]
return self[start...indices[start...][range.count]]
}
subscript(range: PartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> SubSequence {
self[indices[range.lowerBound]...]
}
subscript(range: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> SubSequence {
self[...indices[range.upperBound]]
}
subscript(range: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> SubSequence {
self[..<indices[range.upperBound]]
}
}
let str = "foo bar baz bax"
print(str[4..<6]) // "ba"
print(str[4...6]) // "bar"
print(str[4...]) // "bar baz bax"
print(str[...6]) // "foo bar"
print(str[..<6]) // "foo ba"
感谢@LeoDabus指出我在使用索引属性作为字符串下标的(其他)替代方案的方向!
一个类似蟒蛇的解决方案，允许你使用负下标，
var str = "Hello world!"
str[-1] // "!"
可能是:
extension String {
subscript (var index:Int)->Character{
get {
let n = distance(self.startIndex, self.endIndex)
index %= n
if index < 0 { index += n }
return self[advance(startIndex, index)]
}
}
}
顺便说一下，调换整个python的切片符号可能是值得的
在Swift 5中，不扩展字符串:
var str = "ABCDEFGH"
for char in str {
if(char == "C") { }
}
以上Swift代码与Java代码相同:
int n = 8;
var str = "ABCDEFGH"
for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
if (str.charAt(i) == 'C') { }
}
斯威夫特3
extension String {
public func charAt(_ i: Int) -> Character {
return self[self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
}
public subscript (i: Int) -> String {
return String(self.charAt(i) as Character)
}
public subscript (r: Range<Int>) -> String {
return substring(with: self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)..<self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound))
}
public subscript (r: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
return substring(with: self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.lowerBound)..<self.characters.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: r.upperBound))
}
}
使用
let str = "Hello World"
let sub = str[0...4]
有用的编程技巧和技巧(我写的)
获取和设置下标(字符串和子字符串)- Swift 4.2
Swift 4.2, Xcode 10
我的回答是基于@ alcarlson的回答。 唯一的区别是你可以返回一个Substring或String(在某些情况下，一个字符)。您还可以获取和设置下标。 最后，我的回答比@alecarlson的回答更麻烦，也更长，因此，我建议你把它放在源文件中。
扩展:
public extension String {
public subscript (i: Int) -> Character {
get {
return self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
}
set (c) {
let n = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
replaceSubrange(n...n, with: "\(c)")
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[start ..< end]
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[start ... end]
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountablePartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
return self[start ... end]
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[startIndex ... end]
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[startIndex ..< end]
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (i: Int) -> String {
get {
return "\(self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)])"
}
set (c) {
let n = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
self.replaceSubrange(n...n, with: "\(c)")
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> String {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[start ..< end])"
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[start ... end])"
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountablePartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> String {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
return "\(self[start ... end])"
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> String {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[startIndex ... end])"
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> String {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[startIndex ..< end])"
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (i: Int) -> Substring {
get {
return Substring("\(self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)])")
}
set (c) {
let n = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
replaceSubrange(n...n, with: "\(c)")
}
}
}
public extension Substring {
public subscript (i: Int) -> Character {
get {
return self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)]
}
set (c) {
let n = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
replaceSubrange(n...n, with: "\(c)")
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[start ..< end]
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[start ... end]
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountablePartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
return self[start ... end]
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[startIndex ... end]
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> Substring {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return self[startIndex ..< end]
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (i: Int) -> String {
get {
return "\(self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)])"
}
set (c) {
let n = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
replaceSubrange(n...n, with: "\(c)")
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableRange<Int>) -> String {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[start ..< end])"
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountableClosedRange<Int>) -> String {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[start ... end])"
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: CountablePartialRangeFrom<Int>) -> String {
get {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
return "\(self[start ... end])"
}
set (s) {
let start = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.lowerBound)
let end = index(endIndex, offsetBy: -1)
replaceSubrange(start ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeThrough<Int>) -> String {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[startIndex ... end])"
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ... end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (bounds: PartialRangeUpTo<Int>) -> String {
get {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
return "\(self[startIndex ..< end])"
}
set (s) {
let end = index(startIndex, offsetBy: bounds.upperBound)
replaceSubrange(startIndex ..< end, with: s)
}
}
public subscript (i: Int) -> Substring {
get {
return Substring("\(self[index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)])")
}
set (c) {
let n = index(startIndex, offsetBy: i)
replaceSubrange(n...n, with: "\(c)")
}
}
}
