当我运行Java应用程序时,我得到了一个NoClassDefFoundError。造成这种情况的典型原因是什么?


当前回答

当我试图在Tomcat/JBOSS服务器上部署应用程序时,我得到了NoClassDefFoundError。我尝试了不同的依赖关系来解决这个问题,但总是得到相同的错误。标记所有javax。*依赖提供在pom.xml,和战争字面上没有依赖。但这个问题还是不断出现。

最终意识到src/main/webapps/WEB-INF/classes有类文件夹被复制到我的战争,所以不是编译类,这个类被复制,因此没有依赖改变解决问题。

因此要小心,如果任何以前编译的数据被复制,删除类文件夹和新的编译后,它工作!..

其他回答

对此,我的解决方案是为缺失的特定类“利用”类路径内容。在我的情况下,我有2个依赖项,虽然我能够成功地编译使用javac…,我不能运行产生的类文件使用java…,因为BouncyCastle jar中的Dynamic类不能在运行时加载。

javac --classpath "ext/commons-io-2.11.0;ext/bc-fips-1.0.2.3" hello.java

因此在编译时和运行时,JVM知道在哪里获取Apache Commons和BouncyCastle依赖项,然而,当运行这个时,我得到了

Error: Unable to initialize main class hello
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: 
org/bouncycastle/jcajce/provider/BouncyCastleFipsProvider

因此,根据类路径,我在相同的位置手动创建了一个名为ext的新文件夹,然后在其中放置了BouncyCastle jar,以确保在运行时可以找到它。只要结果清单中指定了jar的位置,您就可以将jar相对于类文件或jar文件放置。注意,我只需要利用包含丢失类文件的一个jar。

更新[https://www.infoq.com/articles/single-file-execution-java11/]:

在Java SE 11中,可以选择启动单个源代码文件 直接,不需要中间编译。为了方便大家, 所以像你这样的新手不需要运行javac + Java(当然, 让他们感到困惑)。

Java中的NoClassDefFoundError

定义:

Java虚拟机无法在运行时找到在编译时可用的特定类。 如果一个类在编译时存在,但在运行时在java类路径中不可用。

例子:

The class is not in Classpath, there is no sure shot way of knowing it but many times you can just have a look to print System.getproperty("java.classpath") and it will print the classpath from there you can at least get an idea of your actual runtime classpath. A simple example of NoClassDefFoundError is class belongs to a missing JAR file or JAR was not added into classpath or sometimes jar's name has been changed by someone like in my case one of my colleagues has changed tibco.jar into tibco_v3.jar and the program is failing with java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError and I were wondering what's wrong. Just try to run with explicitly -classpath option with the classpath you think will work and if it's working then it's a sure short sign that someone is overriding java classpath. Permission issue on JAR file can also cause NoClassDefFoundError in Java. Typo on XML Configuration can also cause NoClassDefFoundError in Java. when your compiled class which is defined in a package, doesn’t present in the same package while loading like in the case of JApplet it will throw NoClassDefFoundError in Java.

可能的解决方式:

The class is not available in Java Classpath. If you are working in J2EE environment than the visibility of Class among multiple Classloader can also cause java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see examples and scenario section for detailed discussion. Check for java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError in your log file. NoClassDefFoundError due to the failure of static initialization is quite common. Because NoClassDefFoundError is a subclass of java.lang.LinkageError it can also come if one of it dependency like native library may not available. Any start-up script is overriding Classpath environment variable. You might be running your program using jar command and class was not defined in manifest file's ClassPath attribute.

资源:

3种方法解决NoClassDefFoundError

noclassdeffounderror问题模式

此错误可能是由未检查的Java版本要求引起的。

在我的案例中,当我构建一个备受瞩目的开源项目时,通过使用SDKMAN从Java 9切换到Java 8,我能够解决这个错误。

sdk list java
sdk install java 8u152-zulu
sdk use java 8u152-zulu

然后按照下面的描述进行干净安装。


在使用Maven作为构建工具时,在禁用测试的情况下进行干净的“安装”构建有时是有帮助的,而且通常是令人满意的。

mvn clean install -DskipTests

现在已经构建并安装了所有内容,您可以继续运行测试。

mvn test

我也遇到了同样的问题,我的存货积压了好几个小时。

我找到了解决办法。在我的例子中,有一个静态方法因此而定义。JVM不能创建该类的另一个对象。

例如,

private static HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost(proxyHost, Integer.valueOf(proxyPort), "http");