我想知道malloc和free是怎么工作的。
int main() {
unsigned char *p = (unsigned char*)malloc(4*sizeof(unsigned char));
memset(p,0,4);
strcpy((char*)p,"abcdabcd"); // **deliberately storing 8bytes**
cout << p;
free(p); // Obvious Crash, but I need how it works and why crash.
cout << p;
return 0;
}
如果答案是在记忆层面上的深度,如果可能的话,我会非常感激。
How malloc() and free() works depends on the runtime library used. Generally, malloc() allocates a heap (a block of memory) from the operating system. Each request to malloc() then allocates a small chunk of this memory be returning a pointer to the caller. The memory allocation routines will have to store some extra information about the block of memory allocated to be able to keep track of used and free memory on the heap. This information is often stored in a few bytes just before the pointer returned by malloc() and it can be a linked list of memory blocks.
通过写入超过malloc()分配的内存块,您很可能会破坏下一个块的一些簿记信息,这些信息可能是剩余的未使用的内存块。
在向缓冲区复制太多字符时,程序也可能崩溃。如果额外的字符位于堆之外,当您试图写入不存在的内存时,可能会遇到访问冲突。