您可以轻松地使用带限制的随机偏移量

PREPARE stm from 'select * from table limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;

您还可以像这样应用where子句

PREPARE stm from 'select * from table where available=true limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;

在600,000行(700MB)表查询执行上的测试花费了大约0.016秒的硬盘驱动器时间。

EDIT:偏移量可能取接近表末尾的值，这将导致select语句返回更少的行(或者可能只有一行)，为了避免这种情况，我们可以在声明偏移量后再次检查，如下所示

SET @rows_count = 10;
PREPARE stm from "select * from table where available=true limit ? offset ?";
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@total-@_offset<@rows_count,@_offset-@rows_count,@_offset));
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@_offset<0,0,@_offset));
EXECUTE stm using @rows_count,@_offset;

另一个简单的解决方案是对行进行排名，并随机获取其中之一，有了这个解决方案，你将不需要在表中有任何基于“Id”的列。

SELECT d.* FROM (
SELECT  t.*,  @rownum := @rownum + 1 AS rank
FROM mytable AS t,
    (SELECT @rownum := 0) AS r,
    (SELECT @cnt := (SELECT RAND() * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable))) AS n
) d WHERE rank >= @cnt LIMIT 10;

您可以根据需要更改限制值，以便访问尽可能多的行，但大多数情况下是连续的值。

然而，如果你不想要连续的随机值，那么你可以获取一个更大的样本并从中随机选择。就像……

SELECT * FROM (
SELECT d.* FROM (
    SELECT  c.*,  @rownum := @rownum + 1 AS rank
    FROM buildbrain.`commits` AS c,
        (SELECT @rownum := 0) AS r,
        (SELECT @cnt := (SELECT RAND() * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM buildbrain.`commits`))) AS rnd
) d 
WHERE rank >= @cnt LIMIT 10000 
) t ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 10;

如何从表中随机选择行:

从这里开始: 在MySQL中随机选择行

对“表扫描”的快速改进是使用索引来获取随机id。

SELECT *
FROM random, (
        SELECT id AS sid
        FROM random
        ORDER BY RAND( )
        LIMIT 10
    ) tmp
WHERE random.id = tmp.sid;

我使用了Riedsio发布的http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/order-by-rand/(我使用了返回一个或多个随机值的存储过程的情况):

   DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS rands;
   CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE rands ( rand_id INT );

    loop_me: LOOP
        IF cnt < 1 THEN
          LEAVE loop_me;
        END IF;

        INSERT INTO rands
           SELECT r1.id
             FROM random AS r1 JOIN
                  (SELECT (RAND() *
                                (SELECT MAX(id)
                                   FROM random)) AS id)
                   AS r2
            WHERE r1.id >= r2.id
            ORDER BY r1.id ASC
            LIMIT 1;

        SET cnt = cnt - 1;
      END LOOP loop_me;

在这篇文章中，他通过维护一个表(使用触发器等)解决了id中的间隙导致不那么随机的结果的问题。参见文章); 我通过向表中添加另一列来解决这个问题，用连续的数字填充，从1开始(编辑:此列添加到运行时由子查询创建的临时表中，不影响永久表):

   DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS rands;
   CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE rands ( rand_id INT );

    loop_me: LOOP
        IF cnt < 1 THEN
          LEAVE loop_me;
        END IF;

        SET @no_gaps_id := 0;

        INSERT INTO rands
           SELECT r1.id
             FROM (SELECT id, @no_gaps_id := @no_gaps_id + 1 AS no_gaps_id FROM random) AS r1 JOIN
                  (SELECT (RAND() *
                                (SELECT COUNT(*)
                                   FROM random)) AS id)
                   AS r2
            WHERE r1.no_gaps_id >= r2.id
            ORDER BY r1.no_gaps_id ASC
            LIMIT 1;

        SET cnt = cnt - 1;
      END LOOP loop_me;

在文章中，我可以看到他花了很大的精力来优化代码;我不知道我的改变是否/有多大影响性能，但对我来说非常好。

您可以轻松地使用带限制的随机偏移量

PREPARE stm from 'select * from table limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;

您还可以像这样应用where子句

PREPARE stm from 'select * from table where available=true limit 10 offset ?';
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
EXECUTE stm using @_offset;

在600,000行(700MB)表查询执行上的测试花费了大约0.016秒的硬盘驱动器时间。

EDIT:偏移量可能取接近表末尾的值，这将导致select语句返回更少的行(或者可能只有一行)，为了避免这种情况，我们可以在声明偏移量后再次检查，如下所示

SET @rows_count = 10;
PREPARE stm from "select * from table where available=true limit ? offset ?";
SET @total = (select count(*) from table where available=true);
SET @_offset = FLOOR(RAND() * @total);
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@total-@_offset<@rows_count,@_offset-@rows_count,@_offset));
SET @_offset = (SELECT IF(@_offset<0,0,@_offset));
EXECUTE stm using @rows_count,@_offset;

使用这个查询:

select floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(key) FROM table)) from table limit 10

查询时间:0.016秒