假设我们有两个堆栈，没有其他临时变量。
是否有可能“构造”一个队列数据结构只使用两个堆栈?
当前回答
对于c#开发人员，这里是完整的程序:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace QueueImplimentationUsingStack
{
class Program
{
public class Stack<T>
{
public int size;
public Node<T> head;
public void Push(T data)
{
Node<T> node = new Node<T>();
node.data = data;
if (head == null)
head = node;
else
{
node.link = head;
head = node;
}
size++;
Display();
}
public Node<T> Pop()
{
if (head == null)
return null;
else
{
Node<T> temp = head;
//temp.link = null;
head = head.link;
size--;
Display();
return temp;
}
}
public void Display()
{
if (size == 0)
Console.WriteLine("Empty");
else
{
Console.Clear();
Node<T> temp = head;
while (temp!= null)
{
Console.WriteLine(temp.data);
temp = temp.link;
}
}
}
}
public class Queue<T>
{
public int size;
public Stack<T> inbox;
public Stack<T> outbox;
public Queue()
{
inbox = new Stack<T>();
outbox = new Stack<T>();
}
public void EnQueue(T data)
{
inbox.Push(data);
size++;
}
public Node<T> DeQueue()
{
if (outbox.size == 0)
{
while (inbox.size != 0)
{
outbox.Push(inbox.Pop().data);
}
}
Node<T> temp = new Node<T>();
if (outbox.size != 0)
{
temp = outbox.Pop();
size--;
}
return temp;
}
}
public class Node<T>
{
public T data;
public Node<T> link;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Queue<int> q = new Queue<int>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
q.EnQueue(i);
// q.Display();
for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++)
q.DeQueue();
//q.Display();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
其他回答
对于c#开发人员，这里是完整的程序:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace QueueImplimentationUsingStack
{
class Program
{
public class Stack<T>
{
public int size;
public Node<T> head;
public void Push(T data)
{
Node<T> node = new Node<T>();
node.data = data;
if (head == null)
head = node;
else
{
node.link = head;
head = node;
}
size++;
Display();
}
public Node<T> Pop()
{
if (head == null)
return null;
else
{
Node<T> temp = head;
//temp.link = null;
head = head.link;
size--;
Display();
return temp;
}
}
public void Display()
{
if (size == 0)
Console.WriteLine("Empty");
else
{
Console.Clear();
Node<T> temp = head;
while (temp!= null)
{
Console.WriteLine(temp.data);
temp = temp.link;
}
}
}
}
public class Queue<T>
{
public int size;
public Stack<T> inbox;
public Stack<T> outbox;
public Queue()
{
inbox = new Stack<T>();
outbox = new Stack<T>();
}
public void EnQueue(T data)
{
inbox.Push(data);
size++;
}
public Node<T> DeQueue()
{
if (outbox.size == 0)
{
while (inbox.size != 0)
{
outbox.Push(inbox.Pop().data);
}
}
Node<T> temp = new Node<T>();
if (outbox.size != 0)
{
temp = outbox.Pop();
size--;
}
return temp;
}
}
public class Node<T>
{
public T data;
public Node<T> link;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Queue<int> q = new Queue<int>();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++)
q.EnQueue(i);
// q.Display();
for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++)
q.DeQueue();
//q.Display();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
保持2个堆栈，让我们称之为收件箱和发件箱。
排队:
将新元素推到收件箱上
出列:
如果发件箱为空，则通过弹出收件箱中的每个元素并将其推入发件箱来重新填充它 弹出并返回发件箱中的顶部元素
使用这种方法，每个元素只在每个堆栈中存在一次——这意味着每个元素将被压入两次，弹出两次，从而给出平摊常数时间操作。
下面是Java中的实现:
public class Queue<E>
{
private Stack<E> inbox = new Stack<E>();
private Stack<E> outbox = new Stack<E>();
public void queue(E item) {
inbox.push(item);
}
public E dequeue() {
if (outbox.isEmpty()) {
while (!inbox.isEmpty()) {
outbox.push(inbox.pop());
}
}
return outbox.pop();
}
}
您必须从第一个堆栈中取出所有元素来获取底部元素。然后在每次“出队列”操作时将它们都放回第二个堆栈。
使用两个java.util.Stack对象实现队列:
public final class QueueUsingStacks<E> {
private final Stack<E> iStack = new Stack<>();
private final Stack<E> oStack = new Stack<>();
public void enqueue(E e) {
iStack.push(e);
}
public E dequeue() {
if (oStack.isEmpty()) {
if (iStack.isEmpty()) {
throw new NoSuchElementException("No elements present in Queue");
}
while (!iStack.isEmpty()) {
oStack.push(iStack.pop());
}
}
return oStack.pop();
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
if (oStack.isEmpty() && iStack.isEmpty()) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public int size() {
return iStack.size() + oStack.size();
}
}
使用堆栈实现队列的以下操作。
push(x)——将元素x推到队列的后面。
pop()——从队列前面移除元素。
peek()——获取前端元素。
empty()——返回队列是否为空。
class MyQueue {
Stack<Integer> input;
Stack<Integer> output;
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public MyQueue() {
input = new Stack<Integer>();
output = new Stack<Integer>();
}
/** Push element x to the back of queue. */
public void push(int x) {
input.push(x);
}
/** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
public int pop() {
peek();
return output.pop();
}
/** Get the front element. */
public int peek() {
if(output.isEmpty()) {
while(!input.isEmpty()) {
output.push(input.pop());
}
}
return output.peek();
}
/** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
public boolean empty() {
return input.isEmpty() && output.isEmpty();
}
}
