对于java 7及以上版本:

Path path = Paths.get("/your/path/string");
Files.createDirectories(path);

在创建之前检查目录或文件是否存在似乎是不必要的，from createDirectories javadocs:

Creates a directory by creating all nonexistent parent directories first. Unlike the createDirectory method, an exception is not thrown if the directory could not be created because it already exists. The attrs parameter is optional file-attributes to set atomically when creating the nonexistent directories. Each file attribute is identified by its name. If more than one attribute of the same name is included in the array then all but the last occurrence is ignored. If this method fails, then it may do so after creating some, but not all, of the parent directories.

这种方式为我做一个单一的目录或更多或他们: 需要导入java.io.File; /*输入下面的代码添加目录dir1或检查是否存在dir1，如果不存在，则创建dir2和dir3 */

    File filed = new File("C:\\dir1");
    if(!filed.exists()){  if(filed.mkdir()){ System.out.println("directory is created"); }} else{ System.out.println("directory exist");  }

    File filel = new File("C:\\dir1\\dir2");
    if(!filel.exists()){  if(filel.mkdir()){ System.out.println("directory is created");   }} else{ System.out.println("directory exist");  }

    File filet = new File("C:\\dir1\\dir2\\dir3");
    if(!filet.exists()){  if(filet.mkdir()){ System.out.println("directory is  created"); }}  else{ System.out.println("directory exist");  }

new File("/path/directory").mkdirs();

这里的“directory”是你想要创建/存在的目录的名称。

大约7年后，我会将其更新为Bozho建议的更好的方法。

File theDir = new File("/path/directory");
if (!theDir.exists()){
    theDir.mkdirs();
}

只是想向每个调用File.mkdir()或File.mkdirs()的人指出，要小心File对象是目录而不是文件。例如，如果你为路径/dir1/dir2/file.txt调用mkdirs()，它将创建一个名为file.txt的文件夹，这可能不是你想要的。如果你正在创建一个新文件，同时也想自动创建父文件夹，你可以这样做:

            File file = new File(filePath);
            if (file.getParentFile() != null) {
                file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
            }

下面的方法可以做你想做的事情，只要确保你检查了mkdir() / mkdirs()的返回值

private void createUserDir(final String dirName) throws IOException {
    final File homeDir = new File(System.getProperty("user.home"));
    final File dir = new File(homeDir, dirName);
    if (!dir.exists() && !dir.mkdirs()) {
        throw new IOException("Unable to create " + dir.getAbsolutePath();
    }
}