在我的Objective-C项目中，我经常使用一个全局常量文件来存储像通知名称和NSUserDefaults键这样的东西。它看起来是这样的:
@interface GlobalConstants : NSObject
extern NSString *someNotification;
@end
@implementation GlobalConstants
NSString *someNotification = @"aaaaNotification";
@end
我如何在Swift中做完全相同的事情?
当前回答
Constant.swift
import Foundation
let kBaseURL = NSURL(string: "http://www.example.com/")
ViewController.swift
var manager = AFHTTPRequestOperationManager(baseURL: kBaseURL)
其他回答
Constant.swift
import Foundation
let kBaseURL = NSURL(string: "http://www.example.com/")
ViewController.swift
var manager = AFHTTPRequestOperationManager(baseURL: kBaseURL)
Swift 4版本
如果您想为NotificationCenter创建一个名称:
extension Notification.Name {
static let updateDataList1 = Notification.Name("updateDataList1")
}
订阅通知:
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(youFunction), name: .updateDataList1, object: nil)
发送通知:
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .updateDataList1, object: nil)
如果你只是想要一个有变量的类:
class Keys {
static let key1 = "YOU_KEY"
static let key2 = "YOU_KEY"
}
Or:
struct Keys {
static let key1 = "YOU_KEY"
static let key2 = "YOU_KEY"
}
我来晚会晚了一点。
不管这里是我如何管理常量文件，以便它对开发人员更有意义，而写代码在swift。
网址:
//URLConstants.swift
struct APPURL {
private struct Domains {
static let Dev = "http://test-dev.cloudapp.net"
static let UAT = "http://test-UAT.com"
static let Local = "192.145.1.1"
static let QA = "testAddress.qa.com"
}
private struct Routes {
static let Api = "/api/mobile"
}
private static let Domain = Domains.Dev
private static let Route = Routes.Api
private static let BaseURL = Domain + Route
static var FacebookLogin: String {
return BaseURL + "/auth/facebook"
}
}
CUSTOMFONTS:
//FontsConstants.swift
struct FontNames {
static let LatoName = "Lato"
struct Lato {
static let LatoBold = "Lato-Bold"
static let LatoMedium = "Lato-Medium"
static let LatoRegular = "Lato-Regular"
static let LatoExtraBold = "Lato-ExtraBold"
}
}
应用程序中使用的所有键
//KeyConstants.swift
struct Key {
static let DeviceType = "iOS"
struct Beacon{
static let ONEXUUID = "xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx"
}
struct UserDefaults {
static let k_App_Running_FirstTime = "userRunningAppFirstTime"
}
struct Headers {
static let Authorization = "Authorization"
static let ContentType = "Content-Type"
}
struct Google{
static let placesKey = "some key here"//for photos
static let serverKey = "some key here"
}
struct ErrorMessage{
static let listNotFound = "ERROR_LIST_NOT_FOUND"
static let validationError = "ERROR_VALIDATION"
}
}
颜色常数:
//ColorConstants.swift
struct AppColor {
private struct Alphas {
static let Opaque = CGFloat(1)
static let SemiOpaque = CGFloat(0.8)
static let SemiTransparent = CGFloat(0.5)
static let Transparent = CGFloat(0.3)
}
static let appPrimaryColor = UIColor.white.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
static let appSecondaryColor = UIColor.blue.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Opaque)
struct TextColors {
static let Error = AppColor.appSecondaryColor
static let Success = UIColor(red: 0.1303, green: 0.9915, blue: 0.0233, alpha: Alphas.Opaque)
}
struct TabBarColors{
static let Selected = UIColor.white
static let NotSelected = UIColor.black
}
struct OverlayColor {
static let SemiTransparentBlack = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Transparent)
static let SemiOpaque = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
static let demoOverlay = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(0.6)
}
}
在Xcode项目中，你可以将这些文件打包到一个名为Constants的公共组中。
更多信息请观看这个视频
正如其他人所提到的，在类之外声明的任何东西都是全局的。
你也可以创建单例对象:
class TestClass {
static let sharedInstance = TestClass()
// Anything else goes here
var number = 0
}
当你想要使用这个类中的一些东西时，你可以这样写:
TestClass.sharedInstance.number = 1
如果您现在从项目的任何地方写入println(TestClass.sharedInstance.number)，您将向日志中输出1。这适用于所有类型的对象。
tl;dr:任何时候你想让一个类中的所有东西都是全局的，在类中添加静态let sharedInstance = YourClassName()，并用前缀YourClassName.sharedInstance来处理类的所有值
虽然我更喜欢@Francescu的方式(使用带有静态属性的结构体)，但你也可以定义全局常量和变量:
let someNotification = "TEST"
但是请注意，与局部变量/常量和类/结构属性不同，全局变量是隐式惰性的，这意味着它们在第一次访问时被初始化。
建议阅读:全局变量和局部变量，以及Swift中的全局变量都不是变量
