我需要一个滚动窗口(又名滑动窗口)可迭代的序列/迭代器/生成器。(默认的Python迭代可以被认为是一种特殊情况,其中窗口长度为1。)我目前正在使用以下代码。我怎样才能做得更优雅和/或更有效?
def rolling_window(seq, window_size):
it = iter(seq)
win = [it.next() for cnt in xrange(window_size)] # First window
yield win
for e in it: # Subsequent windows
win[:-1] = win[1:]
win[-1] = e
yield win
if __name__=="__main__":
for w in rolling_window(xrange(6), 3):
print w
"""Example output:
[0, 1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]
[2, 3, 4]
[3, 4, 5]
"""
对于window_size == 2的特定情况(即,在序列中迭代相邻的重叠对),请参见如何从列表中迭代重叠(当前,下一个)值对?
#Importing the numpy library
import numpy as np
arr = np.arange(6) #Sequence
window_size = 3
np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(arr, shape= (len(arr) - window_size +1, window_size),
strides = arr.strides*2)
"""Example output:
[0, 1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]
[2, 3, 4]
[3, 4, 5]
"""
为什么不
def pairwise(iterable):
"s -> (s0,s1), (s1,s2), (s2, s3), ..."
a, b = tee(iterable)
next(b, None)
return zip(a, b)
它被记录在Python文档中。
您可以轻松地将其扩展到更宽的窗口。
>>> n, m = 6, 3
>>> k = n - m+1
>>> print ('{}\n'*(k)).format(*[range(i, i+m) for i in xrange(k)])
[0, 1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]
[2, 3, 4]
[3, 4, 5]
这里是一个泛化,增加了对step, fillvalue参数的支持:
from collections import deque
from itertools import islice
def sliding_window(iterable, size=2, step=1, fillvalue=None):
if size < 0 or step < 1:
raise ValueError
it = iter(iterable)
q = deque(islice(it, size), maxlen=size)
if not q:
return # empty iterable or size == 0
q.extend(fillvalue for _ in range(size - len(q))) # pad to size
while True:
yield iter(q) # iter() to avoid accidental outside modifications
try:
q.append(next(it))
except StopIteration: # Python 3.5 pep 479 support
return
q.extend(next(it, fillvalue) for _ in range(step - 1))
它每次产生块大小的项目,每次迭代滚动步骤位置,在必要时用fillvalue填充每个块。示例:size=4, step=3, fillvalue='*':
[a b c d]e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
a b c[d e f g]h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
a b c d e f[g h i j]k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
a b c d e f g h i[j k l m]n o p q r s t u v w x y z
a b c d e f g h i j k l[m n o p]q r s t u v w x y z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o[p q r s]t u v w x y z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r[s t u v]w x y z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u[v w x y]z
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x[y z * *]
有关step参数的用例示例,请参见用python有效地处理大型.txt文件。