在TensorFlow中，变量只是另一个张量(比如tf。常量或tf.placeholder)。碰巧变量可以通过计算来修改。特遣部队。占位符用于将在运行时提供给计算的外部输入(例如训练数据)。特遣部队。变量用于作为计算的一部分并将被计算修改的输入(例如神经网络的权重)。

区别在于tf。变量，在声明时必须提供初始值。特遣部队。占位符，你不必提供初始值，你可以在运行时在Session.run中使用feed_dict参数指定它

除了其他人的答案，他们在Tensoflow网站上的MNIST教程中也解释得很好:

We describe these interacting operations by manipulating symbolic variables. Let's create one: x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784]), x isn't a specific value. It's a placeholder, a value that we'll input when we ask TensorFlow to run a computation. We want to be able to input any number of MNIST images, each flattened into a 784-dimensional vector. We represent this as a 2-D tensor of floating-point numbers, with a shape [None, 784]. (Here None means that a dimension can be of any length.) We also need the weights and biases for our model. We could imagine treating these like additional inputs, but TensorFlow has an even better way to handle it: Variable. A Variable is a modifiable tensor that lives in TensorFlow's graph of interacting operations. It can be used and even modified by the computation. For machine learning applications, one generally has the model parameters be Variables. W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10])) b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10])) We create these Variables by giving tf.Variable the initial value of the Variable: in this case, we initialize both W and b as tensors full of zeros. Since we are going to learn W and b, it doesn't matter very much what they initially are.

Tensorflow使用三种类型的容器来存储/执行过程

Constants:Constants保存典型数据。 变量:数据值将被改变，相应的函数，如cost_function.. 占位符:训练/测试数据将被传递到图表中。

最明显的区别是。变量和tf。占位符是

使用变量保存和更新参数。变量是 包含张量的内存缓冲区。它们必须明确 已初始化，可以在培训期间和培训结束后保存到磁盘。你 可以稍后恢复保存的值以练习或分析模型。

变量的初始化使用sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())完成。另外，在创建变量时，你需要将一个Tensor作为它的初始值传递给variable()构造函数，当你创建一个变量时，你总是知道它的形状。

另一方面，您不能更新占位符。它们也不应该被初始化，但因为它们是一个有一个张量的承诺，你需要将值输入到它们sess.run(<op>， {a: <some_val>})。最后，与变量相比，占位符可能不知道形状。您可以提供部分维度，也可以什么都不提供。

还有其他区别:

the values inside the variable can be updated during optimizations variables can be shared, and can be non-trainable the values inside the variable can be stored after training when the variable is created, 3 ops are added to a graph (variable op, initializer op, ops for the initial value) placeholder is a function, Variable is a class (hence an uppercase) when you use TF in a distributed environment, variables are stored in a special place (parameter server) and are shared between the workers.

有趣的是，不仅可以提供占位符。您可以将值提供给变量，甚至是常量。

博士TL;

变量

为了学习参数 价值观可以从培训中获得 初始值是必需的(通常是随机的)

占位符

为数据分配存储(例如在馈送期间用于图像像素数据) 初始值不是必需的(但可以设置，参见tf.placeholder_with_default)