我认为添加使用类型提示的NamedTuples的信息是值得的:

# dependencies
from typing import NamedTuple, Optional

# definition
class MyNamedTuple(NamedTuple):
    an_attribute: str
    my_attribute: Optional[str] = None
    next_attribute: int = 1

# instantiation
my_named_tuple = MyNamedTuple("abc", "def")
# or more explicitly:
other_tuple = MyNamedTuple(an_attribute="abc", my_attribute="def")

# access
assert "abc" == my_named_tuple.an_attribute
assert 1 == other_tuple.next_attribute

试试这个:

collections.namedtuple()

基本上，命名元组很容易创建，轻量级的对象类型。 它们将元组转换为用于简单任务的方便容器。 使用namedtuples，您不必使用整数索引访问元组的成员。

例子:

代码1:

>>> from collections import namedtuple

>>> Point = namedtuple('Point','x,y')

>>> pt1 = Point(1,2)

>>> pt2 = Point(3,4)

>>> dot_product = ( pt1.x * pt2.x ) +( pt1.y * pt2.y )

>>> print dot_product
11

代码2:

>>> from collections import namedtuple

>>> Car = namedtuple('Car','Price Mileage Colour Class')

>>> xyz = Car(Price = 100000, Mileage = 30, Colour = 'Cyan', Class = 'Y')

>>> print xyz

Car(Price=100000, Mileage=30, Colour='Cyan', Class='Y')
>>> print xyz.Class
Y

Namedtuple是一个用于创建元组类的工厂函数。通过这个类，我们还可以创建可按名称调用的元组。

import collections

#Create a namedtuple class with names "a" "b" "c"
Row = collections.namedtuple("Row", ["a", "b", "c"])   

row = Row(a=1,b=2,c=3) #Make a namedtuple from the Row class we created

print row    #Prints: Row(a=1, b=2, c=3)
print row.a  #Prints: 1
print row[0] #Prints: 1

row = Row._make([2, 3, 4]) #Make a namedtuple from a list of values

print row   #Prints: Row(a=2, b=3, c=4)

我认为添加使用类型提示的NamedTuples的信息是值得的:

# dependencies
from typing import NamedTuple, Optional

# definition
class MyNamedTuple(NamedTuple):
    an_attribute: str
    my_attribute: Optional[str] = None
    next_attribute: int = 1

# instantiation
my_named_tuple = MyNamedTuple("abc", "def")
# or more explicitly:
other_tuple = MyNamedTuple(an_attribute="abc", my_attribute="def")

# access
assert "abc" == my_named_tuple.an_attribute
assert 1 == other_tuple.next_attribute

另一种使用命名元组的方法(一种新方法)是使用NamedTuple，来自typing package:在NamedTuple中输入提示

让我们用这篇文章中最上面的答案来看看如何使用它。

在使用命名元组之前，代码是这样的:

pt1 = (1.0, 5.0)
pt2 = (2.5, 1.5)

from math import sqrt

line_length = sqrt((pt1[0] - pt2[0])**2 + (pt1[1] - pt2[1])**2)
print(line_length)

现在我们使用命名元组

from typing import NamedTuple

继承NamedTuple类并在新类中定义变量名。Test是类的名称。

class test(NamedTuple):
    x: float
    y: float

从类中创建实例并为它们赋值

pt1 = test(1.0, 5.0)   # x is 1.0, and y is 5.0. The order matters
pt2 = test(2.5, 1.5)

使用实例中的变量进行计算

line_length = sqrt((pt1.x - pt2.x)**2 + (pt1.y - pt2.y)**2)
print(line_length)

命名元组允许与这样检查版本的代码向后兼容

>>> sys.version_info[0:2]
(3, 1)

同时通过使用此语法允许未来的代码更加显式

>>> sys.version_info.major
3
>>> sys.version_info.minor
1