Haskell's use of Maybe and Just. Maybe a is a type constructor that returns a type of Just a, but Maybe Int won't accept just an Int, it requires it to be a Just Int or Nothing. So in essence in haskell parlance Just Int is about as much of an Int as an apple is an orange. The only connection is that Just 5 returns a type of Maybe Interger, which can be constructed with the function Just and an Integer argument. This makes sense but is about as hard to explain as it can theoretically be, which is the purpose of haskell right? So is Just really JustKindaLikeButNotAtAll yea sorta, and is Maybe really a KindaLooksLikeOrIsNothing, yea sorta again.

-- Create a function that returns a Maybe Int, and return a 5, which know is definitly Int'able
>  let x :: Maybe Int; x = 5;
<interactive>:1:24:
    No instance for (Num (Maybe Int))
      arising from the literal `5' at <interactive>:1:24
    Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Num (Maybe Int))
    In the expression: 5
    In the definition of `x': x = 5

>  Just 5  
Just 5
it :: Maybe Integer

    -- Create a function x which takes an Int
>  let x :: Int -> Int; x _ = 0;
x :: Int -> Int
-- Try to give it a Just Int
>  x $ Just 5                   

<interactive>:1:4:
    Couldn't match expected type `Int' against inferred type `Maybe t'
    In the second argument of `($)', namely `Just 5'
    In the expression: x $ Just 5
    In the definition of `it': it = x $ Just 5

祝你好运读到这篇文章，我希望它是正确的。

这缺少了一个奇怪的特性:Python没有switch语句(尽管存在变通方法)。

Modula-2没有elseif或elseif;它有elsif

Perl文件句柄样式的操作符调用。

一开始是有的

print "foo", "bar", "baz"; # to stdout
print STDERR "foo", "bar", "baz";

注意没有逗号，这样你就知道这是要打印到的文件句柄，而不是要以字符串化方式打印的文件句柄。这是一个肮脏的黑客。

语言升级开始了，他们制作了适当的OO文件句柄，并将x FOO y, z, abc转换为FOO->x(y, z, abc)。有点可爱。相同的print语句有效地运行

STDERR->print("foo", "bar", "baz");

大多数情况下，当你错过一个逗号时，或者尝试运行hashof $a， $b， $c(不带括号的子例程调用)之类的东西时，你会注意到这一点，而忘记从它的实用程序包中将hashof函数导入到你的命名空间中，你会得到一个奇怪的错误消息，关于“无法通过字符串$a的包内容调用方法'hashof'”。

这并不是一个真正的语言特性，而是一个实现缺陷:一些早期的Fortran编译器通过使用常量池来实现常量。所有参数都是通过引用传递的。如果你调用一个函数，例如。

f(1)

编译器会将常量池中常量1的地址传递给函数。 如果您为函数中的参数赋值，则会在程序中全局地更改该值(在本例中为1)。引起了一些挠头。

在PHP中，字符串和函数指针一样好:

$x = "foo";
function foo(){ echo "wtf"; }
$x(); # "wtf"

不幸的是，这并不管用:

"foo"();