你也可以像这样将一个主题更改为一个可观察对象:

 page = new BehaviorSubject<String|null>(null);
 actualPage:Observable<string> = new Observable()

this.page.next("hardware")
this.actualPage = this.page as Observable<any>;

在rxjs中，Subject本质上是一个观察者和可观察对象。观察者是我们放入值的对象，可观察对象是我们可以观察值的对象。

Subject is Hot by default. Observables by default are cold. That means they are not going to emit any values until someone subscribes to it. The instant we create a subject, we can emit a value from it and that value will be emitted even if nobody is subscribed to it yet. Subject is multicast by default. Observable by default are unicast and that means that for every different observer that we have, we have to subscibe to an observable, if that observable emits a value that value is going to flow through all the different operators inside of our pipe once for each subscriber. Multicast means all of other operators will run one time for every value, regardless of the number of observers we have. GOTCHA= thE SUBJECT is multicast but if you chain on a pipe statement to it, that is going to return a new observable that is cold and unicast.

行为主体与主体相同，但也有初始的“种子”值。新订阅用户立即获得最新的值。如果有人订阅了行为主体，它会立即接收到最近的值。所以行为主体总有一些价值可以分给订阅者。

关于行为主体最有用的事情是当我们开始发出网络请求时。想象一下，我们将一些管道连接到一个行为主题上，在一个管道函数或管道操作符中，我们最终发出一个网络请求并获取一些数据。你最终可能会想让其他东西订阅那个可观察对象，并立即获得已经获取的数据。使用行为主体，我们可以很容易地实现这种行为。

观察:每个观察者的结果不同

一个非常非常重要的区别。因为Observable只是一个函数，它没有任何状态，所以对于每个新的Observer，它都会一次又一次地执行可观察对象的创建代码。结果是:

为每个观察者运行代码 ． 如果它是一个HTTP调用，它会被每个观察者调用

这会导致主要的错误和低效率

BehaviorSubject(或Subject)存储观察者细节，只运行一次代码，并将结果提供给所有观察者。

Ex:

JSBin： http://jsbin.com/qowulet/edit?js,console

// --- Observable --- let randomNumGenerator1 = Rx.Observable.create(observer => { observer.next(Math.random()); }); let observer1 = randomNumGenerator1 .subscribe(num => console.log('observer 1: '+ num)); let observer2 = randomNumGenerator1 .subscribe(num => console.log('observer 2: '+ num)); // ------ BehaviorSubject/ Subject let randomNumGenerator2 = new Rx.BehaviorSubject(0); randomNumGenerator2.next(Math.random()); let observer1Subject = randomNumGenerator2 .subscribe(num=> console.log('observer subject 1: '+ num)); let observer2Subject = randomNumGenerator2 .subscribe(num=> console.log('observer subject 2: '+ num)); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/rxjs/5.5.3/Rx.min.js"></script>

输出:

"observer 1: 0.7184075243594013"
"observer 2: 0.41271850211336103"
"observer subject 1: 0.8034263165479893"
"observer subject 2: 0.8034263165479893"

观察如何使用Observable。create为每个观察者创建了不同的输出，但BehaviorSubject为所有观察者提供了相同的输出。这很重要。

总结了其他差异。

┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃         Observable                  ┃     BehaviorSubject/Subject         ┃      
┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫ 
┃ Is just a function, no state        ┃ Has state. Stores data in memory    ┃
┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ Code run for each observer          ┃ Same code run                       ┃
┃                                     ┃ only once for all observers         ┃
┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ Creates only Observable             ┃Can create and also listen Observable┃
┃ ( data producer alone )             ┃ ( data producer and consumer )      ┃
┣━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫
┃ Usage: Simple Observable with only  ┃ Usage:                              ┃
┃ one Obeserver.                      ┃ * Store data and modify frequently  ┃
┃                                     ┃ * Multiple observers listen to data ┃
┃                                     ┃ * Proxy between Observable  and     ┃
┃                                     ┃   Observer                          ┃
┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┻━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛

你也可以像这样将一个主题更改为一个可观察对象:

 page = new BehaviorSubject<String|null>(null);
 actualPage:Observable<string> = new Observable()

this.page.next("hardware")
this.actualPage = this.page as Observable<any>;

可观察对象只允许你订阅，而主题允许你同时发布和订阅。

因此，主题允许您的服务同时用作发布者和订阅者。

到目前为止，我不太擅长Observable，所以我只分享一个Subject的例子。

让我们用一个Angular CLI的例子来更好地理解。执行如下命令:

npm install -g @angular/cli

ng new angular2-subject

cd angular2-subject

ng serve

将app.component.html的内容替换为:

<div *ngIf="message">
  {{message}}
</div>

<app-home>
</app-home>

执行命令ng g c components/home生成home组件。将home.component.html的内容替换为:

<input type="text" placeholder="Enter message" #message>
<button type="button" (click)="setMessage(message)" >Send message</button>

#message是这里的局部变量。添加属性消息:string; 到app.component.ts的类。

执行命令ng g s service/message。这将在src\app\service\message.service.ts上生成一个服务。向应用程序提供此服务。

将Subject导入MessageService。也要添加一个主题。最终的代码应该是这样的:

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Subject } from 'rxjs/Subject';

@Injectable()
export class MessageService {

  public message = new Subject<string>();

  setMessage(value: string) {
    this.message.next(value); //it is publishing this value to all the subscribers that have already subscribed to this message
  }
}

现在，将这个服务注入到home.component.ts中，并将它的一个实例传递给构造函数。对app.component.ts也这样做。使用这个服务实例将#message的值传递给服务函数setMessage:

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { MessageService } from '../../service/message.service';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-home',
  templateUrl: './home.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./home.component.css']
})
export class HomeComponent {

  constructor(public messageService:MessageService) { }

  setMessage(event) {
    console.log(event.value);
    this.messageService.setMessage(event.value);
  }
}

在app.component.ts中，向Subject订阅和取消订阅(以防止内存泄漏):

import { Component, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';
import { MessageService } from './service/message.service';
import { Subscription } from 'rxjs/Subscription';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-root',
  templateUrl: './app.component.html'
})
export class AppComponent {

  message: string;
  subscription: Subscription;

  constructor(public messageService: MessageService) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    this.subscription = this.messageService.message.subscribe(
      (message) => {
        this.message = message;
      }
    );
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    this.subscription.unsubscribe();
  }
}

就是这样。

现在，在home.component.html的#message中输入的任何值都将被打印到app.component.html中的{{message}}

app.component.ts

behaviourService.setName("behaviour");

behaviour.service.ts

private name = new BehaviorSubject("");
getName = this.name.asObservable();

constructor() {}

setName(data) {
    this.name.next(data);
}

custom.component.ts

behaviourService.subscribe(response=>{
    console.log(response);    //output: behaviour
});