给定someletters_12345_moreleters形式的文件名。ext，我想提取5位数字，并将它们放入一个变量。
为了强调这一点，我有一个x个字符的文件名，然后是一个5位数字序列，两边都有一个下划线，然后是另一组x个字符。我想把这个5位数代入一个变量。
我对实现这一目标的多种不同方式非常感兴趣。
当前回答
以下是我的做法:
FN=someletters_12345_moreleters.ext
[[ ${FN} =~ _([[:digit:]]{5})_ ]] && NUM=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
解释:
Bash-specific:
[[]]为条件表达式 =~表示条件为正则表达式 如果前一个命令成功，&&将链接这些命令
正则表达式(RE): _([[:digit:]]{5})_
_是字面量，用于为被匹配的字符串划分/锚定匹配边界 ()创建捕获组 [[:digit:]]是一个字符类，我认为它不言自明 {5}表示前面的字符中的恰好五个，类(如本例中所示)或组必须匹配
In english, you can think of it behaving like this: the FN string is iterated character by character until we see an _ at which point the capture group is opened and we attempt to match five digits. If that matching is successful to this point, the capture group saves the five digits traversed. If the next character is an _, the condition is successful, the capture group is made available in BASH_REMATCH, and the next NUM= statement can execute. If any part of the matching fails, saved details are disposed of and character by character processing continues after the _. e.g. if FN where _1 _12 _123 _1234 _12345_, there would be four false starts before it found a match.
其他回答
基于jor的回答(这对我来说并不适用):
substring=$(expr "$filename" : '.*_\([^_]*\)_.*')
给定test.txt文件包含"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
cut -b19-20 test.txt > test1.txt # This will extract chars 19 & 20 "ST"
while read -r; do;
> x=$REPLY
> done < test1.txt
echo $x
ST
这里是纯参数替换，一个空字符串。注意，我只将一些字母和更多字母定义为字符。如果它们是字母数字，这将无法正常工作。
filename=someletters_12345_moreletters.ext
substring=${filename//@(+([a-z])_|_+([a-z]).*)}
echo $substring
12345
也许这可以帮助你得到想要的输出
代码:
your_number=$(echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | grep -E -o '[0-9]{5}')
echo $your_number
输出:
12345
还有bash内置的'expr'命令:
INPUT="someletters_12345_moreleters.ext"
SUBSTRING=`expr match "$INPUT" '.*_\([[:digit:]]*\)_.*' `
echo $SUBSTRING
