以下是我的做法:

FN=someletters_12345_moreleters.ext
[[ ${FN} =~ _([[:digit:]]{5})_ ]] && NUM=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}

解释:

Bash-specific:

[[]]为条件表达式 =~表示条件为正则表达式 如果前一个命令成功，&&将链接这些命令

正则表达式(RE): _([[:digit:]]{5})_

_是字面量，用于为被匹配的字符串划分/锚定匹配边界 ()创建捕获组 [[:digit:]]是一个字符类，我认为它不言自明 {5}表示前面的字符中的恰好五个，类(如本例中所示)或组必须匹配

In english, you can think of it behaving like this: the FN string is iterated character by character until we see an _ at which point the capture group is opened and we attempt to match five digits. If that matching is successful to this point, the capture group saves the five digits traversed. If the next character is an _, the condition is successful, the capture group is made available in BASH_REMATCH, and the next NUM= statement can execute. If any part of the matching fails, saved details are disposed of and character by character processing continues after the _. e.g. if FN where _1 _12 _123 _1234 _12345_, there would be four false starts before it found a match.

我很惊讶这个纯粹的bash解决方案没有出现:

a="someletters_12345_moreleters.ext"
IFS="_"
set $a
echo $2
# prints 12345

您可能希望将IFS重置为之前的值，或者在之后取消设置IFS !

有点晚了，但我刚刚遇到了这个问题，并发现了以下内容:

host:/tmp$ asd=someletters_12345_moreleters.ext 
host:/tmp$ echo `expr $asd : '.*_\(.*\)_'`
12345
host:/tmp$ 

我用它在一个没有%N日期的嵌入式系统上获得毫秒分辨率:

set `grep "now at" /proc/timer_list`
nano=$3
fraction=`expr $nano : '.*\(...\)......'`
$debug nano is $nano, fraction is $fraction

遵循要求

我有一个文件名，x个字符，然后是5位数字 序列两侧分别用一个下划线包围 x个字符的集合。我想取一个5位数 把它代入一个变量。

我发现了一些可能有用的grep方法:

$ echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | grep -Eo "[[:digit:]]+" 
12345

或更好的

$ echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | grep -Eo "[[:digit:]]{5}" 
12345

然后使用-Po语法:

$ echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | grep -Po '(?<=_)\d+' 
12345

或者如果你想让它正好适合5个字符:

$ echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | grep -Po '(?<=_)\d{5}' 
12345

最后，要将它存储在一个变量中，只需要使用var=$(命令)语法。

这是一个substring.sh文件

使用

`substring.sh $TEXT 2 3` # characters 2-3

`substring.sh $TEXT 2` # characters 2 and after 

Substring.sh遵循这一行

#echo "starting substring"
chars=$1
start=$(($2))
end=$3

i=0
o=""
if [[ -z $end ]]; then
  end=`echo "$chars " | wc -c`
else
  end=$((end))
fi
#echo "length is " $e
a=`echo $chars | sed  's/\(.\)/\1 /g'`
#echo "a is " $a
for c in $a
do
  #echo "substring" $i $e $c
  if [[ i -lt $start ]]; then
    : # DO Nothing
  elif [[ i -gt $end ]]; then
    break;
  else
    o="$o$c"
  fi
  i=$(($i+1))
done
#echo substring returning $o
echo $o

bash解决方案:

IFS="_" read -r x digs x <<<'someletters_12345_moreleters.ext'

这将破坏一个名为x的变量。var x可以被更改为var _。

input='someletters_12345_moreleters.ext'
IFS="_" read -r _ digs _ <<<"$input"