Java功能接口

它是一种与函数式编程相匹配的接口命名约定

//Runnable
interface Runnable {
    void run();
}

//Action - throws exception
interface Action {
    void run() throws Exception;
}

//Consumer - consumes a value/values, throws exception
//BiConsumer, 
interface Consumer1<T> {
    void accept(T t) throws Exception;
}

//Callable - return result, throws exception
interface Callable<R> {
    R call() throws Exception;
}

//Supplier - returns result, throws exception
interface Supplier<R> {
    R get() throws Exception;
}

//Predicate - consumes a value/values, returns true or false, throws exception
interface Predicate1<T> {
    boolean test(T t) throws Exception;
}

//Function - consumes a value/values, returns result, throws exception
//BiFunction, Function3...
public interface Function1<T, R> {
    R apply(T t) throws Exception;
}

...

//Executor
public interface Executor {
    void execute(Runnable command);
}

【快速闭包命名】

Java功能接口

它是一种与函数式编程相匹配的接口命名约定

//Runnable
interface Runnable {
    void run();
}

//Action - throws exception
interface Action {
    void run() throws Exception;
}

//Consumer - consumes a value/values, throws exception
//BiConsumer, 
interface Consumer1<T> {
    void accept(T t) throws Exception;
}

//Callable - return result, throws exception
interface Callable<R> {
    R call() throws Exception;
}

//Supplier - returns result, throws exception
interface Supplier<R> {
    R get() throws Exception;
}

//Predicate - consumes a value/values, returns true or false, throws exception
interface Predicate1<T> {
    boolean test(T t) throws Exception;
}

//Function - consumes a value/values, returns result, throws exception
//BiFunction, Function3...
public interface Function1<T, R> {
    R apply(T t) throws Exception;
}

...

//Executor
public interface Executor {
    void execute(Runnable command);
}

【快速闭包命名】

请看这里的解释。

Callable接口类似于 可运行的，因为两者都是设计出来的 对于实例为的类 可能由另一个人执行 线程。然而，Runnable则不然 返回结果，且不能抛出 检查异常。

正如这里已经提到的，Callable是一个相对较新的接口，它是作为并发包的一部分引入的。Callable和Runnable都可以与执行器一起使用。Thread类(实现Runnable本身)只支持Runnable。

您仍然可以将Runnable与执行程序一起使用。Callable的优点是，你可以将它发送给executor，并立即得到Future结果，当执行完成时，Future结果将被更新。Runnable也可以实现同样的功能，但在这种情况下，您必须自己管理结果。例如，您可以创建保存所有结果的结果队列。其他线程可以等待这个队列并处理到达的结果。

oracle文档中这些接口的用途:

可运行接口应该由任何类实现，其实例将由线程执行。该类必须定义一个名为run的无参数方法。

可调用:返回结果并可能抛出异常的任务。实现者定义一个不带参数的方法叫做call。 Callable接口与Runnable接口类似，因为两者都是为其实例可能由另一个线程执行的类设计的。然而，Runnable不返回结果，也不能抛出受控异常。

其他的差异:

You can pass Runnable to create a Thread. But you can't create new Thread by passing Callable as parameter. You can pass Callable only to ExecutorService instances. Example: public class HelloRunnable implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("Hello from a thread!"); } public static void main(String args[]) { (new Thread(new HelloRunnable())).start(); } } Use Runnable for fire and forget calls. Use Callable to verify the result. Callable can be passed to invokeAll method unlike Runnable. Methods invokeAny and invokeAll perform the most commonly useful forms of bulk execution, executing a collection of tasks and then waiting for at least one, or all, to complete Trivial difference : method name to be implemented => run() for Runnable and call() for Callable.

+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              Runnable                  |                                           Callable<T>                                            |
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Introduced in Java 1.0 of java.lang    | Introduced in Java 1.5 of java.util.concurrent library                                           |
| Runnable cannot be parametrized        | Callable is a parametrized type whose type parameter indicates the return type of its run method |
| Runnable has run() method              | Callable has call() method                                                                       |
| Runnable.run() returns void            | Callable.call() returns a generic value V                                                        |
| No way to propagate checked exceptions | Callable's call()“throws Exception” clause so we can easily propagate checked exceptions further |                                                                     |
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Java的设计者觉得有必要扩展Runnable接口的功能，但他们不想影响Runnable接口的使用，这可能就是为什么他们在Java 1.5中使用一个单独的名为Callable的接口，而不是改变已经存在的Runnable接口的原因，因为Runnable接口自Java 1.0以来一直是Java的一部分。源