Edit 2022:不要使用这个库，因为该库有内存泄漏，不再支持/更新。

我将推荐使用智能位置库 使用起来非常简单，它很好地包装了位置逻辑。

启动位置服务:

SmartLocation.with(context).location()
    .start(new OnLocationUpdatedListener() { ... });

如果你只想获得一个单一的位置(不是周期性的)，你可以使用oneFix修饰符。例子:

SmartLocation.with(context).location()
    .oneFix()
    .start(new OnLocationUpdatedListener() { ... });

自2020年9月23日起，play-services-location版本17.1.0包含了FusedLocationProviderClient.getCurrentLocation()方法，这是获得当前位置的推荐和直接的方法:

返回设备上的单个当前位置固定。与返回缓存位置的getLastLocation()不同，此方法可能导致设备上的活动位置计算。如果能在合理的时间内(几十秒)确定设备位置，将返回一个新的位置，否则将返回null。

关于详细的例子，看看codingjeremy的回答和GitHub上的官方Android位置示例- Current location (Kotlin)。

因为我不喜欢其他答案中的一些代码，下面是我的简单解决方案。这个解决方案意味着在活动或服务中可用来跟踪位置。它确保它永远不会返回太陈旧的数据，除非您显式地请求陈旧的数据。它既可以在回调模式下运行，以便在我们收到更新时获得更新，也可以在轮询模式下运行，以便轮询最新的信息。

通用LocationTracker接口。允许我们有多种类型的位置跟踪器，并轻松插入适当的一个:

package com.gabesechan.android.reusable.location;

import android.location.Location;

public interface LocationTracker {
    public interface LocationUpdateListener{
        public void onUpdate(Location oldLoc, long oldTime, Location newLoc, long newTime);
    }

    public void start();
    public void start(LocationUpdateListener update);

    public void stop();

    public boolean hasLocation();

    public boolean hasPossiblyStaleLocation();

    public Location getLocation();

    public Location getPossiblyStaleLocation();

}

ProviderLocationTracker——这个类将跟踪GPS或NETWORK的位置。

package com.gabesechan.android.reusable.location;

import android.content.Context;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class ProviderLocationTracker implements LocationListener, LocationTracker {

    // The minimum distance to change Updates in meters
    private static final long MIN_UPDATE_DISTANCE = 10; 

    // The minimum time between updates in milliseconds
    private static final long MIN_UPDATE_TIME = 1000 * 60; 

    private LocationManager lm;

    public enum ProviderType{
        NETWORK,
        GPS
    };    
    private String provider;

    private Location lastLocation;
    private long lastTime;

    private boolean isRunning;

    private LocationUpdateListener listener;

    public ProviderLocationTracker(Context context, ProviderType type) {
        lm = (LocationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        if(type == ProviderType.NETWORK){
            provider = LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER;
        }
        else{
            provider = LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER;
        }
    }

    public void start(){
        if(isRunning){
            //Already running, do nothing
            return;
        }

        //The provider is on, so start getting updates.  Update current location
        isRunning = true;
        lm.requestLocationUpdates(provider, MIN_UPDATE_TIME, MIN_UPDATE_DISTANCE, this);
        lastLocation = null;
        lastTime = 0;
        return;
    }

    public void start(LocationUpdateListener update) {
        start();
        listener = update;

    }


    public void stop(){
        if(isRunning){
            lm.removeUpdates(this);
            isRunning = false;
            listener = null;
        }
    }

    public boolean hasLocation(){
        if(lastLocation == null){
            return false;
        }
        if(System.currentTimeMillis() - lastTime > 5 * MIN_UPDATE_TIME){
            return false; //stale
        }
        return true;
    }

    public boolean hasPossiblyStaleLocation(){
        if(lastLocation != null){
            return true;
        }
        return lm.getLastKnownLocation(provider)!= null;
    }

    public Location getLocation(){
        if(lastLocation == null){
            return null;
        }
        if(System.currentTimeMillis() - lastTime > 5 * MIN_UPDATE_TIME){
            return null; //stale
        }
        return lastLocation;
    }

    public Location getPossiblyStaleLocation(){
        if(lastLocation != null){
            return lastLocation;
        }
        return lm.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
    }

    public void onLocationChanged(Location newLoc) {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if(listener != null){
            listener.onUpdate(lastLocation, lastTime, newLoc, now);
        }
        lastLocation = newLoc;
        lastTime = now;
    }

    public void onProviderDisabled(String arg0) {

    }

    public void onProviderEnabled(String arg0) {

    }

    public void onStatusChanged(String arg0, int arg1, Bundle arg2) {
    }
}

这是FallbackLocationTracker，它将通过GPS和NETWORK进行跟踪，并使用任何更准确的位置。

package com.gabesechan.android.reusable.location;

import android.content.Context;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationManager;

public class FallbackLocationTracker  implements LocationTracker, LocationTracker.LocationUpdateListener {


    private boolean isRunning;

    private ProviderLocationTracker gps;
    private ProviderLocationTracker net;

    private LocationUpdateListener listener;

    Location lastLoc;
    long lastTime;

    public FallbackLocationTracker(Context context) {
        gps = new ProviderLocationTracker(context, ProviderLocationTracker.ProviderType.GPS);
        net = new ProviderLocationTracker(context, ProviderLocationTracker.ProviderType.NETWORK);
    }

    public void start(){
        if(isRunning){
            //Already running, do nothing
            return;
        }

        //Start both
        gps.start(this);
        net.start(this);
        isRunning = true;
    }

    public void start(LocationUpdateListener update) {
        start();
        listener = update;
    }


    public void stop(){
        if(isRunning){
            gps.stop();
            net.stop();
            isRunning = false;
            listener = null;
        }
    }

    public boolean hasLocation(){
        //If either has a location, use it
        return gps.hasLocation() || net.hasLocation();
    }

    public boolean hasPossiblyStaleLocation(){
        //If either has a location, use it
        return gps.hasPossiblyStaleLocation() || net.hasPossiblyStaleLocation();
    }

    public Location getLocation(){
        Location ret = gps.getLocation();
        if(ret == null){
            ret = net.getLocation();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public Location getPossiblyStaleLocation(){
        Location ret = gps.getPossiblyStaleLocation();
        if(ret == null){
            ret = net.getPossiblyStaleLocation();
        }
        return ret;
    }

    public void onUpdate(Location oldLoc, long oldTime, Location newLoc, long newTime) {
        boolean update = false;

        //We should update only if there is no last location, the provider is the same, or the provider is more accurate, or the old location is stale
        if(lastLoc == null){
            update = true;
        }
        else if(lastLoc != null && lastLoc.getProvider().equals(newLoc.getProvider())){
            update = true;
        }
        else if(newLoc.getProvider().equals(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)){
            update = true;
        }
        else if (newTime - lastTime > 5 * 60 * 1000){
            update = true;
        }

        if(update){
            if(listener != null){
                listener.onUpdate(lastLoc, lastTime, newLoc, newTime);                  
            }
            lastLoc = newLoc;
            lastTime = newTime;
        }

    }
}

由于两者都实现了LocationTracker接口，您可以很容易地改变使用哪一个的想法。要在轮询模式下运行类，只需调用start()。要在更新模式下运行它，请调用start(Listener)。

还可以看看我关于代码的博客文章

GoogleSamples有详细的例子使用最新的FusedLocationProviderApi。 不幸的是，被点赞最多的答案都过时了。

按照下面的例子使用FusedLocationProviderApi实现位置服务

https://github.com/googlesamples/android-play-location/tree/master/LocationUpdates

https://github.com/googlesamples/android-play-location/blob/master/LocationUpdates/app/src/main/java/com/google/android/gms/location/sample/locationupdates/MainActivity.java

获得位置更新需要大量的代码在Android，你需要照顾

谷歌播放服务可用性检查， 更新谷歌播放服务，如果它是旧的或不可用 对话框创建GoogleApiClient和它的回调连接，断开等。 停止并释放用于位置更新的资源 处理位置权限场景 检查“位置”服务是否开启 获取最后已知位置也不是那么容易 如果在一定时间后没有得到位置，则退回到最后一个已知位置

为了简化所有这些步骤，我创建了android - easylocation(小型android库)，它将照顾所有这些东西，你可以专注于业务逻辑。

所有你需要的是扩展EasyLocationActivity和这个

requestSingleLocationFix(easyLocationRequest);

or

requestLocationUpdates(easyLocationRequest);

签出示例应用程序和步骤需要在这里https://github.com/akhgupta/Android-EasyLocation

既然谷歌Play位置服务已经推出，我建议开发者开始使用新的融合位置提供商。你会发现它更容易使用和更准确。请观看谷歌I/O视频《超越蓝点:Android位置的新功能》，由两位创建了新的谷歌Play位置服务API的人制作。

I've been working with location APIs on a number of mobile platforms, and I think what these two guys have done is really revolutionary. It's gotten rid of a huge amount of the complexities of using the various providers. Stack Overflow is littered with questions about which provider to use, whether to use last known location, how to set other properties on the LocationManager, etc. This new API that they have built removes most of those uncertainties and makes the location services a pleasure to use.

I've written an Android app that periodically gets the location using Google Play location services and sends the location to a web server where it is stored in a database and can be viewed on Google Maps. I've written both the client software (for Android, iOS, Windows Phone and Java ME) and the server software (for ASP.NET and SQL Server or PHP and MySQL). The software is written in the native language on each platform and works properly in the background on each. Lastly, the software has the MIT License. You can find the Android client here:

https://github.com/nickfox/GpsTracker/tree/master/phoneClients/android