文件如下:

非局部语句导致所列出的标识符被引用 先前在最近的封闭范围内绑定的变量除外 全局变量。

例如，inner()中的非局部变量foo可以访问middle()中的非局部变量foo = 10，但不能访问outer()中的非局部变量foo = 5或outer()外的全局变量foo = 0，如下所示:

foo = 0 # <- ✖
def outer():
    foo = 5 # <- ✖
    def middle():
        foo = 10 # <- 〇
        def inner():
            nonlocal foo # Here
            foo += 1
            print(foo) # 11
        inner()
    middle()
outer()

简而言之，它允许您在外部(但非全局)作用域中为变量赋值。参阅PEP 3104了解所有血腥的细节。

比较一下，不使用nonlocal:

x = 0
def outer():
    x = 1
    def inner():
        x = 2
        print("inner:", x)

    inner()
    print("outer:", x)

outer()
print("global:", x)

# inner: 2
# outer: 1
# global: 0

为此，使用非局部，其中inner()的x现在也是outer()的x:

x = 0
def outer():
    x = 1
    def inner():
        nonlocal x
        x = 2
        print("inner:", x)

    inner()
    print("outer:", x)

outer()
print("global:", x)

# inner: 2
# outer: 2
# global: 0

如果我们要使用global，它会将x绑定到正确的“global”值:

x = 0
def outer():
    x = 1
    def inner():
        global x
        x = 2
        print("inner:", x)
        
    inner()
    print("outer:", x)

outer()
print("global:", x)

# inner: 2
# outer: 1
# global: 2

a = 0    #1. global variable with respect to every function in program

def f():
    a = 0          #2. nonlocal with respect to function g
    def g():
        nonlocal a
        a=a+1
        print("The value of 'a' using nonlocal is ", a)
    def h():
        global a               #3. using global variable
        a=a+5
        print("The value of a using global is ", a)
    def i():
        a = 0              #4. variable separated from all others
        print("The value of 'a' inside a function is ", a)

    g()
    h()
    i()
print("The value of 'a' global before any function", a)
f()
print("The value of 'a' global after using function f ", a)

使用“非局部”内部函数(即嵌套内部函数)可以获得外部父函数的特定变量的读和写权限。而nonlocal只能在内部函数中使用 例如:

a = 10
def Outer(msg):
    a = 20
    b = 30
    def Inner():
        c = 50
        d = 60
        print("MU LCL =",locals())
        nonlocal a
        a = 100
        ans = a+c
        print("Hello from Inner",ans)       
        print("value of a Inner : ",a)
    Inner()
    print("value of a Outer : ",a)

res = Outer("Hello World")
print(res)
print("value of a Global : ",a)

我个人对“非局部”语句的理解(请原谅我对Python和编程并不熟悉)是，“非局部”是在迭代函数中使用全局功能的一种方式，而不是在代码本身中使用。一个函数之间的全局语句。