我一直在使用的一个应用程序在尝试序列化类型时失败了。

像这样的陈述

XmlSerializer lizer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyType));

生产:

System.IO.FileNotFoundException occurred
  Message="Could not load file or assembly '[Containing Assembly of MyType].XmlSerializers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified."
  Source="mscorlib"
  FileName="[Containing Assembly of MyType].XmlSerializers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null"
  FusionLog=""
  StackTrace:
       at System.Reflection.Assembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)
       at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, Assembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection)

我没有为我的类定义任何特殊的序列化器。

我该如何解决这个问题?


当前回答

我也有同样的问题,直到我使用第三方工具从XSD生成类,它工作了!我发现这个工具在类的顶部添加了一些额外的代码。当我把同样的代码添加到我原来的类的顶部时,它起作用了。以下是我添加的内容……

#pragma warning disable
namespace MyNamespace
{
  using System;
  using System.Diagnostics;
  using System.Xml.Serialization;
  using System.Collections;
  using System.Xml.Schema;
  using System.ComponentModel;
  using System.Xml;
  using System.Collections.Generic;

  [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Xml", "4.6.1064.2")]
  [System.SerializableAttribute()]
  [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
  [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
  [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
  [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace = "", IsNullable = false)]
  public partial class MyClassName
  {
  ...

其他回答

我的解决方案是直接使用反射来创建序列化器。这就绕过了导致异常的奇怪文件加载。我将其打包在一个helper函数中,该函数还负责缓存序列化器。

private static readonly Dictionary<Type,XmlSerializer> _xmlSerializerCache = new Dictionary<Type, XmlSerializer>();

public static XmlSerializer CreateDefaultXmlSerializer(Type type) 
{
    XmlSerializer serializer;
    if (_xmlSerializerCache.TryGetValue(type, out serializer))
    {
        return serializer;
    }
    else
    {
        var importer = new XmlReflectionImporter();
        var mapping = importer.ImportTypeMapping(type, null, null);
        serializer = new XmlSerializer(mapping);
        return _xmlSerializerCache[type] = serializer;
    }
}

您的类型可能会引用在GAC和本地bin文件夹中都找不到的其他程序集==>…

或其依赖项之一。该系统 无法找到指定的文件"

您能举例说明要序列化的类型吗?

注意:确保你的类型实现Serializable。

有一个变通的办法。如果你使用

XmlSerializer lizer = XmlSerializer.FromTypes(new[] { typeof(MyType) })[0];

它应该避免这种异常。这对我很管用。

警告:不要多次使用,否则会出现内存泄漏

如果多次使用此方法为同一类型创建XmlSerializer实例,将会导致内存严重泄漏!

这是因为该方法绕过了内置缓存提供的XmlSerializer(type)和XmlSerializer(type, defaultNameSpace)构造函数(所有其他构造函数也绕过缓存)。

如果使用任何方法来创建XmlSerializer,而不是通过这两个构造函数,那么必须实现自己的缓存,否则会导致内存泄漏。

Like Martin Sherburn said, this is normal behavior. The constructor of the XmlSerializer first tries to find an assembly named [YourAssembly].XmlSerializers.dll which should contain the generated class for serialization of your type. Since such a DLL has not been generated yet (they are not by default), a FileNotFoundException is thrown. When that happenes, XmlSerializer's constructor catches that exception, and the DLL is generated automatically at runtime by the XmlSerializer's constructor (this is done by generating C# source files in the %temp% directory of your computer, then compiling them using the C# compiler). Additional constructions of an XmlSerializer for the same type will just use the already generated DLL.

更新:从。net 4.5开始,XmlSerializer不再执行代码生成,也不再为了在运行时创建序列化程序集而使用c#编译器执行编译,除非通过设置配置文件设置(useLegacySerializerGeneration)显式强制执行。此更改消除了对csc.exe的依赖,并提高了启动性能。来源:. net Framework 4.5 Readme,章节1.3.8.1。

异常由XmlSerializer的构造函数处理。你不需要自己做任何事情,你可以点击“继续”(F5)继续执行你的程序,一切都会好的。如果你被异常停止程序执行并弹出异常助手所困扰,你要么关闭“只是我的代码”,要么将FileNotFoundException设置为在抛出时中断执行,而不是在“User-unhandled”时。

打开“Just My Code”,请转到“Tools >> Options >> Debugging >> General >> enable Just My Code”。要关闭FileNotFound被抛出时的执行中断,请转到调试>>异常>>找到>>输入'FileNotFoundException' >>取消System.IO.FileNotFoundException中的' thrown '复选框。

只是作为参考。从D-B的回答和评论中,我得出了这个接近D-B的解决方案。它在我的所有情况下都工作得很好,并且是线程安全的。我不认为使用ConcurrentDictionary是可以的。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace HQ.Util.General
{
    public class XmlSerializerHelper
    {
        private static readonly Dictionary<Type, XmlSerializer> _dictTypeToSerializer = new Dictionary<Type, XmlSerializer>();

        public static XmlSerializer GetSerializer(Type type)
        {
            lock (_dictTypeToSerializer)
            {
                XmlSerializer serializer;
                if (! _dictTypeToSerializer.TryGetValue(type, out serializer))
                {
                    var importer = new XmlReflectionImporter();
                    var mapping = importer.ImportTypeMapping(type, null, null);
                    serializer = new XmlSerializer(mapping);
                    return _dictTypeToSerializer[type] = serializer;
                }

                return serializer;
            }
        }
    }
}

用法:

        if (File.Exists(Path))
        {
            using (XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader(Path))
            {
                // XmlSerializer x  = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
                var x = XmlSerializerHelper.GetSerializer(typeof(T));

                try
                {
                    options = (OptionsBase<T>)x.Deserialize(reader);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Log.Instance.AddEntry(LogType.LogException, "Unable to open Options file: " + Path, ex);
                }
            }
        }