返回绝对文件路径列表，不会递归到子目录

L = [os.path.join(os.getcwd(),f) for f in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(os.getcwd(),f))]

从3.4版开始，有内置的迭代器，比os.listdir（）高效得多：

pathlib：3.4版新增。

>>> import pathlib
>>> [p for p in pathlib.Path('.').iterdir() if p.is_file()]

根据PEP428，pathlib库的目的是提供一个简单的类层次结构来处理文件系统路径和用户对它们进行的常见操作。

os.scandir（）：3.5版新增。

>>> import os
>>> [entry for entry in os.scandir('.') if entry.is_file()]

注意，os.walk（）使用os.scandir（）而不是3.5版的os.listdir（），根据PEP471，它的速度提高了2-20倍。

让我也推荐阅读ShadowRanger在下面的评论。

import os
os.listdir("somedirectory")

将返回“somedirectory”中所有文件和目录的列表。

从目录及其所有子目录获取完整文件路径

import os

def get_filepaths(directory):
    """
    This function will generate the file names in a directory 
    tree by walking the tree either top-down or bottom-up. For each 
    directory in the tree rooted at directory top (including top itself), 
    it yields a 3-tuple (dirpath, dirnames, filenames).
    """
    file_paths = []  # List which will store all of the full filepaths.

    # Walk the tree.
    for root, directories, files in os.walk(directory):
        for filename in files:
            # Join the two strings in order to form the full filepath.
            filepath = os.path.join(root, filename)
            file_paths.append(filepath)  # Add it to the list.

    return file_paths  # Self-explanatory.

# Run the above function and store its results in a variable.   
full_file_paths = get_filepaths("/Users/johnny/Desktop/TEST")

我在上述函数中提供的路径包含3个文件，其中两个位于根目录中，另一个位于名为“subfolder”的子文件夹中打印将打印列表的完整文件路径：['/Users/johnny/Desktop/TEST/file1.txt'，'/Users/johnny/Desctop/TEST-file2.txt'，'/Users/johnny/Desktop/STEST/SUBFOLDER/file3.dat']

如果愿意，您可以打开并阅读内容，或者只关注扩展名为“.dat”的文件，如下面的代码所示：

for f in full_file_paths:
  if f.endswith(".dat"):
    print f

/用户/johnny/Desktop/TEST/SUBFOLDER/file3.dat

这是我的通用函数。它返回文件路径列表而不是文件名，因为我发现这更有用。它有几个可选的参数，使其具有通用性。例如，我经常将其与pattern=“*.txt”或subfolders=True等参数一起使用。

import os
import fnmatch

def list_paths(folder='.', pattern='*', case_sensitive=False, subfolders=False):
    """Return a list of the file paths matching the pattern in the specified 
    folder, optionally including files inside subfolders.
    """
    match = fnmatch.fnmatchcase if case_sensitive else fnmatch.fnmatch
    walked = os.walk(folder) if subfolders else [next(os.walk(folder))]
    return [os.path.join(root, f)
            for root, dirnames, filenames in walked
            for f in filenames if match(f, pattern)]

def list_files(path):
    # returns a list of names (with extension, without full path) of all files 
    # in folder path
    files = []
    for name in os.listdir(path):
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, name)):
            files.append(name)
    return files