dircache是“自2.6版以来已弃用：Python 3.0中已删除dircache模块。”

import dircache
list = dircache.listdir(pathname)
i = 0
check = len(list[0])
temp = []
count = len(list)
while count != 0:
  if len(list[i]) != check:
     temp.append(list[i-1])
     check = len(list[i])
  else:
    i = i + 1
    count = count - 1

print temp

import os
os.listdir("somedirectory")

将返回“somedirectory”中所有文件和目录的列表。

listdir（）返回目录中的所有内容——包括文件和目录。

os.path的isfile（）只能用于列出文件：

from os import listdir
from os.path import isfile, join
onlyfiles = [f for f in listdir(mypath) if isfile(join(mypath, f))]

或者，os.walk（）为它访问的每个目录生成两个列表——一个用于文件，一个用于目录。如果您只想要顶级目录，则可以在第一次生成时中断：

from os import walk

f = []
for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in walk(mypath):
    f.extend(filenames)
    break

或更短：

from os import walk

filenames = next(walk(mypath), (None, None, []))[2]  # [] if no file

def list_files(path):
    # returns a list of names (with extension, without full path) of all files 
    # in folder path
    files = []
    for name in os.listdir(path):
        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, name)):
            files.append(name)
    return files 

dircache是“自2.6版以来已弃用：Python 3.0中已删除dircache模块。”

import dircache
list = dircache.listdir(pathname)
i = 0
check = len(list[0])
temp = []
count = len(list)
while count != 0:
  if len(list[i]) != check:
     temp.append(list[i-1])
     check = len(list[i])
  else:
    i = i + 1
    count = count - 1

print temp

这是我的通用函数。它返回文件路径列表而不是文件名，因为我发现这更有用。它有几个可选的参数，使其具有通用性。例如，我经常将其与pattern=“*.txt”或subfolders=True等参数一起使用。

import os
import fnmatch

def list_paths(folder='.', pattern='*', case_sensitive=False, subfolders=False):
    """Return a list of the file paths matching the pattern in the specified 
    folder, optionally including files inside subfolders.
    """
    match = fnmatch.fnmatchcase if case_sensitive else fnmatch.fnmatch
    walked = os.walk(folder) if subfolders else [next(os.walk(folder))]
    return [os.path.join(root, f)
            for root, dirnames, filenames in walked
            for f in filenames if match(f, pattern)]