使用字典，首先处理列表，然后将索引添加到其中

from collections import defaultdict

index_dict = defaultdict(list)    
word_list =  ['foo','bar','baz','bar','any', 'foo', 'much']

for word_index in range(len(word_list)) :
    index_dict[word_list[word_index]].append(word_index)

word_index_to_find = 'foo'       
print(index_dict[word_index_to_find])

# output :  [0, 5]

name ="bar"
list = [["foo", 1], ["bar", 2], ["baz", 3]]
new_list=[]
for item in list:
    new_list.append(item[0])
print(new_list)
try:
    location= new_list.index(name)
except:
    location=-1
print (location)

这说明了如果字符串不在列表中，如果它不在列表，则位置=-1

我发现这两种解决方案更好，我自己尝试过

>>> expences = [2200, 2350, 2600, 2130, 2190]
>>> 2000 in expences
False
>>> expences.index(2200)
0
>>> expences.index(2350)
1
>>> index = expences.index(2350)
>>> expences[index]
2350

>>> try:
...     print(expences.index(2100))
... except ValueError as e:
...     print(e)
... 
2100 is not in list
>>> 

请尝试以下代码：

["foo", "bar", "baz"].index("bar")

参考：https://www.programiz.com/python-programming/methods/list/index

a = ["foo","bar","baz",'bar','any','much']

indexes = [index for index in range(len(a)) if a[index] == 'bar']

对于像我这样来自另一种语言的人来说，也许通过一个简单的循环，更容易理解和使用它：

mylist = ["foo", "bar", "baz", "bar"]
newlist = enumerate(mylist)
for index, item in newlist:
  if item == "bar":
    print(index, item)

我很感激，所以枚举到底做什么？。这帮助我理解了。