我不得不在一个有很多基的集群中更改所有数据库、表和列的排序规则。

我使用了一个运行在php 8.1和mysql 8.0上的脚本

function changeCollate() {
    $databases = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW DATABASES LIKE 'nova_%'")->rows;
    foreach ($databases as $value) {
        $db = $value['Database (nova_%)'];
        $this->LOG("-- banco de dados --- " . $db);
        $this->exeQuery("ALTER DATABASE `$db` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
        $this->exeQuery("use $db");
        $tables = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW tables")->rows;
        foreach ($tables as $table) {
            $tb_name = $table["Tables_in_$db"];
            $this->exeQuery("ALTER TABLE `$tb_name` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
            $QUERY = "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n";
            $columns = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM $tb_name WHERE Type LIKE 'varchar%' OR Type = 'text' OR Type like 'enum%' OR Type = 'longtext' OR Type = 'mediumtext'")->rows;
            foreach ($columns as $column) {
                $QUERY .= "CHANGE `{$column['Field']}` `{$column['Field']}` {$column['Type']} COLLATE 'utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci'";
                $QUERY .= ($column['Null'] == 'YES') ?  " NULL" : " NOT NULL";
                if ($column['Default']) $QUERY .= " DEFAULT '{$column['Default']}'";
                if ($column['Comment']) $QUERY .= " COMMENT '{$column['Comment']}'";
                $QUERY .= ",\n";
            }
            if ($QUERY == "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n") continue;
            $QUERY = substr($QUERY, 0, -2) . ";\n\n";
            $this->exeQuery($QUERY);
        }
    }
}

你需要单独转换每个表:

ALTER TABLE mytable CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 

(这同样可以转换列)，或者用latin1导出数据库，然后用utf8mb4导入。

我在这里贡献，正如OP所问的:

如何改变数据库，表，列的排序规则?

所选的答案只是在表级别上陈述它。

在数据库范围内更改:

ALTER DATABASE <database_name> CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

更改每个表:

ALTER TABLE <table_name> CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

好的做法是在表级别更改它，因为它也会更改列。为特定列更改是针对任何特定的情况。

更改特定列的排序规则:

ALTER TABLE <table_name> MODIFY <column_name> VARCHAR(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

您可以简单地将此代码添加到脚本文件

//Database Connection
$host = 'localhost';
$db_name = 'your_database_name';
$db_user =  'your_database_user_name';
$db_pass = 'your_database_user_password';

$con = mysql_connect($host,$db_user,$db_pass);

if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}

  mysql_select_db($db_name);

  $result=mysql_query('show tables');

  while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
    foreach ($tables as $key => $value) {
    mysql_query("ALTER TABLE $value CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci");
  }
}

echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";

我不得不在一个有很多基的集群中更改所有数据库、表和列的排序规则。

我使用了一个运行在php 8.1和mysql 8.0上的脚本

function changeCollate() {
    $databases = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW DATABASES LIKE 'nova_%'")->rows;
    foreach ($databases as $value) {
        $db = $value['Database (nova_%)'];
        $this->LOG("-- banco de dados --- " . $db);
        $this->exeQuery("ALTER DATABASE `$db` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
        $this->exeQuery("use $db");
        $tables = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW tables")->rows;
        foreach ($tables as $table) {
            $tb_name = $table["Tables_in_$db"];
            $this->exeQuery("ALTER TABLE `$tb_name` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
            $QUERY = "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n";
            $columns = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM $tb_name WHERE Type LIKE 'varchar%' OR Type = 'text' OR Type like 'enum%' OR Type = 'longtext' OR Type = 'mediumtext'")->rows;
            foreach ($columns as $column) {
                $QUERY .= "CHANGE `{$column['Field']}` `{$column['Field']}` {$column['Type']} COLLATE 'utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci'";
                $QUERY .= ($column['Null'] == 'YES') ?  " NULL" : " NOT NULL";
                if ($column['Default']) $QUERY .= " DEFAULT '{$column['Default']}'";
                if ($column['Comment']) $QUERY .= " COMMENT '{$column['Comment']}'";
                $QUERY .= ",\n";
            }
            if ($QUERY == "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n") continue;
            $QUERY = substr($QUERY, 0, -2) . ";\n\n";
            $this->exeQuery($QUERY);
        }
    }
}

如果你运行phpMyAdmin >>选择数据库>>选择表>>到“操作”选项卡>>在“表选项”部分>>，你可以选择排序从下拉列表>>，一旦你按{go}在屏幕的顶部，你会看到一条消息:

您的SQL查询已成功执行

还有一个脚本

ALTER TABLE `tableName` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci 

但是它不会改变现有列的排序规则。 为此，您可以使用这个脚本(这个脚本也来自phpMyAdmin)

ALTER TABLE  `tableName` CHANGE  `Name`  `Name` VARCHAR( 255 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL