我不得不在一个有很多基的集群中更改所有数据库、表和列的排序规则。

我使用了一个运行在php 8.1和mysql 8.0上的脚本

function changeCollate() {
    $databases = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW DATABASES LIKE 'nova_%'")->rows;
    foreach ($databases as $value) {
        $db = $value['Database (nova_%)'];
        $this->LOG("-- banco de dados --- " . $db);
        $this->exeQuery("ALTER DATABASE `$db` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
        $this->exeQuery("use $db");
        $tables = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW tables")->rows;
        foreach ($tables as $table) {
            $tb_name = $table["Tables_in_$db"];
            $this->exeQuery("ALTER TABLE `$tb_name` COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;");
            $QUERY = "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n";
            $columns = $this->fetchQueryToArray("SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM $tb_name WHERE Type LIKE 'varchar%' OR Type = 'text' OR Type like 'enum%' OR Type = 'longtext' OR Type = 'mediumtext'")->rows;
            foreach ($columns as $column) {
                $QUERY .= "CHANGE `{$column['Field']}` `{$column['Field']}` {$column['Type']} COLLATE 'utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci'";
                $QUERY .= ($column['Null'] == 'YES') ?  " NULL" : " NOT NULL";
                if ($column['Default']) $QUERY .= " DEFAULT '{$column['Default']}'";
                if ($column['Comment']) $QUERY .= " COMMENT '{$column['Comment']}'";
                $QUERY .= ",\n";
            }
            if ($QUERY == "ALTER TABLE `$db`.`$tb_name`\n") continue;
            $QUERY = substr($QUERY, 0, -2) . ";\n\n";
            $this->exeQuery($QUERY);
        }
    }
}

我使用了以下shell脚本。它将数据库名作为参数，并将所有表转换为另一个字符集和排序规则(由脚本中定义的另一个参数或默认值给出)。

#!/bin/bash

# mycollate.sh <database> [<charset> <collation>]
# changes MySQL/MariaDB charset and collation for one database - all tables and
# all columns in all tables

DB="$1"
CHARSET="$2"
COLL="$3"

[ -n "$DB" ] || exit 1
[ -n "$CHARSET" ] || CHARSET="utf8mb4"
[ -n "$COLL" ] || COLL="utf8mb4_general_ci"

echo $DB
echo "ALTER DATABASE $DB CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql

echo "USE $DB; SHOW TABLES;" | mysql -s | (
    while read TABLE; do
        echo $DB.$TABLE
        echo "ALTER TABLE $TABLE CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET $CHARSET COLLATE $COLL;" | mysql $DB
    done
)

快速方法-导出到SQL文件，使用搜索和替换来更改您需要更改的文本。创建新数据库，导入数据，然后将旧数据库和新数据库重命名为旧名称。

修改数据库中所有表中所有字段的排序规则。

我只是通过前面提到的Php为表中的字段添加另一个循环到解决方案。这很有帮助，表中的所有字段也都转换了。

<?php
$con = mysql_connect('localhost','user','pw');
if(!$con) { echo "Cannot connect to the database ";die();}
mysql_select_db('database_name');
$result=mysql_query('show tables');
while($tables = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {

foreach ($tables as $key => $table) {                   // for each table

    $sql = "ALTER TABLE $table CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci";
    echo "\n".$sql;
    mysql_query($sql);

    $sql = "show fields in ".$table." where type like 'varchar%' or type like 'char%' or type='text' or type='mediumtext';";
    $rs2=mysql_query($sql);
    while( $rw2 = mysql_fetch_array($rs2) ){            // for each field in table

        $sql = "ALTER TABLE `".$table."` CHANGE `".$rw2['Field']."` `".$rw2['Field']."` ".$rw2['Type']." CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL;";
        echo "\n".$sql;
        mysql_query($sql);

    } 


}
}
echo "The collation of your database has been successfully changed!";

?>}

下面的查询将生成ALTER查询，将所有表中所有适当列的排序规则更改为某种类型(在下面的示例中为utf8_general_ci)。

SELECT concat
        (
            'ALTER TABLE ', 
                t1.TABLE_SCHEMA, 
                '.', 
                t1.table_name, 
                ' MODIFY ', 
                t1.column_name, 
                ' ', 
                t1.data_type, 
                '(' , 
                    CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, 
                ')', 
                ' CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'
        )
from 
    information_schema.columns t1
where 
    t1.TABLE_SCHEMA like 'you_db_name_goes_here' AND
    t1.COLLATION_NAME IS NOT NULL AND
    t1.COLLATION_NAME NOT IN ('utf8_general_ci');

如果你运行phpMyAdmin >>选择数据库>>选择表>>到“操作”选项卡>>在“表选项”部分>>，你可以选择排序从下拉列表>>，一旦你按{go}在屏幕的顶部，你会看到一条消息:

您的SQL查询已成功执行

还有一个脚本

ALTER TABLE `tableName` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci 

但是它不会改变现有列的排序规则。 为此，您可以使用这个脚本(这个脚本也来自phpMyAdmin)

ALTER TABLE  `tableName` CHANGE  `Name`  `Name` VARCHAR( 255 ) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL