我想在sql 2008上写一个查询,它将报告所有有权访问特定数据库的用户,或数据库中的对象,如表,视图和存储过程,直接或由于角色等。该报告将用于安全审计目的。不确定是否有人有一个查询,将完全满足我的需求,但希望能给我一个好的开始。无论是sql 2008, 2005或2000将做,我可以根据需要转换。
当前回答
由于低代表不能与此回复的人要求在多个数据库/SQL服务器上运行此。
创建一个注册的服务器组,并查询他们所有的我们以下和只是游标通过数据库:
--Make sure all ' are doubled within the SQL string.
DECLARE @dbname VARCHAR(50)
DECLARE @statement NVARCHAR(max)
DECLARE db_cursor CURSOR
LOCAL FAST_FORWARD
FOR
SELECT name
FROM MASTER.dbo.sysdatabases
where name like '%DBName%'
OPEN db_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @dbname
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
SELECT @statement = 'use '+@dbname +';'+ '
/*
Security Audit Report
1) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group directly
2) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group through a database or application role
3) List all access provisioned to the public role
Columns Returned:
UserType : Value will be either ''SQL User'', ''Windows User'', or ''Windows Group''.
This reflects the type of user/group defined for the SQL Server account.
DatabaseUserName: Name of the associated user as defined in the database user account. The database user may not be the
same as the server user.
LoginName : SQL or Windows/Active Directory user account. This could also be an Active Directory group.
Role : The role name. This will be null if the associated permissions to the object are defined at directly
on the user account, otherwise this will be the name of the role that the user is a member of.
PermissionType : Type of permissions the user/role has on an object. Examples could include CONNECT, EXECUTE, SELECT
DELETE, INSERT, ALTER, CONTROL, TAKE OWNERSHIP, VIEW DEFINITION, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
PermissionState : Reflects the state of the permission type, examples could include GRANT, DENY, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
ObjectType : Type of object the user/role is assigned permissions on. Examples could include USER_TABLE,
SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION, SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE, VIEW, etc.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
Schema : Name of the schema the object is in.
ObjectName : Name of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on.
This value may not be populated for all roles. Some built in roles have implicit permission
definitions.
ColumnName : Name of the column of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value
is only populated if the object is a table, view or a table value function.
*/
--1) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group directly
SELECT
[UserType] = CASE princ.[type]
WHEN ''S'' THEN ''SQL User''
WHEN ''U'' THEN ''Windows User''
WHEN ''G'' THEN ''Windows Group''
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = princ.[name],
[LoginName] = ulogin.[name],
[Role] = NULL,
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc] -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[Schema] = objschem.[name],
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id]) -- General objects
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Database user
sys.database_principals AS princ
--Login accounts
LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals AS ulogin ON ulogin.[sid] = princ.[sid]
--Permissions
LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = princ.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS objschem ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
--Table columns
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS col ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
--Impersonations
LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals AS imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
princ.[type] IN (''S'',''U'',''G'')
-- No need for these system accounts
AND princ.[name] NOT IN (''sys'', ''INFORMATION_SCHEMA'')
UNION
--2) List all access provisioned to a SQL user or Windows user/group through a database or application role
SELECT
[UserType] = CASE membprinc.[type]
WHEN ''S'' THEN ''SQL User''
WHEN ''U'' THEN ''Windows User''
WHEN ''G'' THEN ''Windows Group''
END,
[DatabaseUserName] = membprinc.[name],
[LoginName] = ulogin.[name],
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc] -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[Schema] = objschem.[name],
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id]) -- General objects
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Role/member associations
sys.database_role_members AS members
--Roles
JOIN sys.database_principals AS roleprinc ON roleprinc.[principal_id] = members.[role_principal_id]
--Role members (database users)
JOIN sys.database_principals AS membprinc ON membprinc.[principal_id] = members.[member_principal_id]
--Login accounts
LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals AS ulogin ON ulogin.[sid] = membprinc.[sid]
--Permissions
LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS objschem ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
--Table columns
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS col ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
--Impersonations
LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals AS imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
membprinc.[type] IN (''S'',''U'',''G'')
-- No need for these system accounts
AND membprinc.[name] NOT IN (''sys'', ''INFORMATION_SCHEMA'')
UNION
--3) List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
SELECT
[UserType] = ''{All Users}'',
[DatabaseUserName] = ''{All Users}'',
[LoginName] = ''{All Users}'',
[Role] = roleprinc.[name],
[PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],
[PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],
[ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc] -- Schema-contained objects
ELSE perm.[class_desc] -- Higher-level objects
END,
[Schema] = objschem.[name],
[ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name] -- Schemas
WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name] -- Impersonations
ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id]) -- General objects
END,
[ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM
--Roles
sys.database_principals AS roleprinc
--Role permissions
LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
--All objects
JOIN sys.objects AS obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.schemas AS objschem ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
--Table columns
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS col ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
--Impersonations
LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals AS imp ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
roleprinc.[type] = ''R''
AND roleprinc.[name] = ''public''
AND obj.[is_ms_shipped] = 0
ORDER BY
[UserType],
[DatabaseUserName],
[LoginName],
[Role],
[Schema],
[ObjectName],
[ColumnName],
[PermissionType],
[PermissionState],
[ObjectType]
'
exec sp_executesql @statement
FETCH NEXT FROM db_cursor INTO @dbname
END
CLOSE db_cursor
DEALLOCATE db_cursor
这个帖子极大地帮助了我,谢谢大家!
其他回答
从SQL Server 2005开始,您可以使用系统视图来实现这一点。例如,这个查询列出了数据库中的所有用户及其权限:
select princ.name
, princ.type_desc
, perm.permission_name
, perm.state_desc
, perm.class_desc
, object_name(perm.major_id)
from sys.database_principals princ
left join
sys.database_permissions perm
on perm.grantee_principal_id = princ.principal_id
请注意,用户也可以通过角色拥有权限。例如,db_data_reader角色授予对大多数对象的选择权限。
如果你想检查访问数据库的特定登录已经使用这个简单的脚本如下所示:
sys。sp_helpogins @LoginNamePattern = '域\登录'——sysname
我只是在Jeremy的回答中添加了以下内容,因为我有一个分配给数据库db_datareader的角色,该角色没有显示该角色拥有的权限。我试着查看每个人帖子中的所有答案,但找不到任何可以做到这一点的答案,所以我添加了自己的问题。
SELECT
UserType='Role',
DatabaseUserName = '{Role Members}',
LoginName = DP2.name,
Role = DP1.name,
'SELECT' AS [PermissionType] ,
[PermissionState] = 'GRANT',
[ObjectType] = 'Table',
[Schema] = 'dbo',
[ObjectName] = 'All Tables',
[ColumnName] = NULL
FROM sys.database_role_members AS DRM
RIGHT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals AS DP1
ON DRM.role_principal_id = DP1.principal_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals AS DP2
ON DRM.member_principal_id = DP2.principal_id
WHERE DP1.type = 'R'
AND DP2.name IS NOT NULL
我尝试了几乎所有这些功能,但很快就注意到缺少一些功能,尤其是系统管理员用户。在我们即将进行的审计中,有这样一个洞会很不好看,所以我想出了这个
USE master
GO
SELECT DISTINCT
p.name AS [loginname] ,
--p.type,
p.type_desc ,
p.is_disabled,
s.sysadmin,
sp.permission_name
FROM sys.server_principals p
INNER JOIN sys.syslogins s ON p.sid = s.sid
INNER JOIN sys.server_permissions sp ON p.principal_id = sp.grantee_principal_id
WHERE p.type_desc IN ('SQL_LOGIN', 'WINDOWS_LOGIN', 'WINDOWS_GROUP')
-- Logins that are not process logins
AND p.name NOT LIKE '##%'
ORDER BY p.name
GO
非常感谢出色的审计脚本。
我强烈建议审计用户使用很棒的Kenneth Fisher (b | t)存储过程:
sp_DBPermissions sp_SrvPermissions
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