您可以使用Popen,然后您可以检查程序的状态:

from subprocess import Popen

proc = Popen(['ls', '-l'])
if proc.poll() is None:
    proc.kill()

查看 subprocess.Popen。

我会推荐下面的“运行”方法,它会帮助我们获得标准输出、标准错误和输出状态作为词典;这个词典的呼叫者可以通过“运行”方法阅读词典返回,以了解过程的实际状态。

  def run (cmd):
       print "+ DEBUG exec({0})".format(cmd)
       p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True, shell=True)
       (out, err) = p.communicate()
       ret        = p.wait()
       out        = filter(None, out.split('\n'))
       err        = filter(None, err.split('\n'))
       ret        = True if ret == 0 else False
       return dict({'output': out, 'error': err, 'status': ret})
  #end

在 Windows 中,您只能输入子过程模块并运行外部命令,以下列方式呼叫 subprocess.Popen(), subprocess.Popen().communicate() 和 subprocess.Popen().wait():

# Python script to run a command line
import subprocess

def execute(cmd):
    """
        Purpose  : To execute a command and return exit status
        Argument : cmd - command to execute
        Return   : exit_code
    """
    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    (result, error) = process.communicate()

    rc = process.wait()

    if rc != 0:
        print "Error: failed to execute command:", cmd
        print error
    return result
# def

command = "tasklist | grep python"
print "This process detail: \n", execute(command)

出口:

This process detail:
python.exe                     604 RDP-Tcp#0                  4      5,660 K

Python 3.5 以上

import subprocess

p = subprocess.run(["ls", "-ltr"], capture_output=True)
print(p.stdout.decode(), p.stderr.decode())

网上尝试

在Python 3.5+中使用子过程,以下是我在Linux上做的技巧:

import subprocess

# subprocess.run() returns a completed process object that can be inspected
c = subprocess.run(["ls", "-ltrh"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
print(c.stdout.decode('utf-8'))

正如文档中提到的那样,PIPE 值是比特序列,为了正确显示它们,应考虑解码。

上述代码的结果是:

total 113M
-rwxr-xr-x  1 farzad farzad  307 Jan 15  2018 vpnscript
-rwxrwxr-x  1 farzad farzad  204 Jan 15  2018 ex
drwxrwxr-x  4 farzad farzad 4.0K Jan 22  2018 scripts
.... # Some other lines

我写了一封信来处理错误,并重新引导输出和其他东西。

import shlex
import psutil
import subprocess

def call_cmd(cmd, stdout=sys.stdout, quiet=False, shell=False, raise_exceptions=True, use_shlex=True, timeout=None):
    """Exec command by command line like 'ln -ls "/var/log"'
    """
    if not quiet:
        print("Run %s", str(cmd))
    if use_shlex and isinstance(cmd, (str, unicode)):
        cmd = shlex.split(cmd)
    if timeout is None:
        process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=sys.stderr, shell=shell)
        retcode = process.wait()
    else:
        process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=stdout, stderr=sys.stderr, shell=shell)
        p = psutil.Process(process.pid)
        finish, alive = psutil.wait_procs([p], timeout)
        if len(alive) > 0:
            ps = p.children()
            ps.insert(0, p)
            print('waiting for timeout again due to child process check')
            finish, alive = psutil.wait_procs(ps, 0)
        if len(alive) > 0:
            print('process {} will be killed'.format([p.pid for p in alive]))
            for p in alive:
                p.kill()
            if raise_exceptions:
                print('External program timeout at {} {}'.format(timeout, cmd))
                raise CalledProcessTimeout(1, cmd)
        retcode = process.wait()
    if retcode and raise_exceptions:
        print("External program failed %s", str(cmd))
        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)

你可以这样称之为:

cmd = 'ln -ls "/var/log"'
stdout = 'out.txt'
call_cmd(cmd, stdout)