我如何从函数 foo 返回一个无同步请求的答案/结果?

我正在尝试从呼叫返回的值,以及将结果分配到函数内部的本地变量,并返回其中一个,但没有这些方式实际上返回答案 - 他们都返回不确定的或无论变量结果的初始值是什么。

一个不同步函数的例子,接受召回(使用 jQuery 的 ajax 函数):

function foo() {
    var result;

    $.ajax({
        url: '...',
        success: function(response) {
            result = response;
            // return response; // <- I tried that one as well
        }
    });

    return result; // It always returns `undefined`
}

使用 Node.js 的例子:

function foo() {
    var result;

    fs.readFile("path/to/file", function(err, data) {
        result = data;
        // return data; // <- I tried that one as well
    });

    return result; // It always returns `undefined`
}

例如,使用那时承诺的区块:

function foo() {
    var result;

    fetch(url).then(function(response) {
        result = response;
        // return response; // <- I tried that one as well
    });

    return result; // It always returns `undefined`
}

当前回答

下面是一個工作的例子: const validateName = async userName => { const url = "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1"; try { const response = await axios.get(url); return response.data } catch (err) { return false; } }; validateName("user").then(data => console.log(data)).catch(reason => console.log(reason.message)).as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100%!im

其他回答

urls = ['https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/2',
        'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/3']

{"userId":1,"id":2,"title":"quis ut nam facilis et officia qui",
 "completed":false}
{"userId":1,"id":3,"title":"fugiat veniam minus","completed":false}

namesonly = ['two', 'three']

[{"name":"two","loremipsum":"quis ut nam facilis et officia qui"},
{"name":"three","loremipsum":"fugiat veniam minus"}]

...
  "release-groups": [
    {
      "id": "1dc4c347-a1db-32aa-b14f-bc9cc507b843",
      "secondary-type-ids": [],
      "first-release-date": "2000-07-10",
      "primary-type-id": "f529b476-6e62-324f-b0aa-1f3e33d313fc",
      "disambiguation": "",
      "secondary-types": [],
      "title": "Parachutes",
      "primary-type": "Album"
    },
...

此 JSON 剪辑显示 Coldplay 的第一张专辑是 Parachutes. 它还提供了一个 ID,在这种情况下 1dc4c347-a1db-32aa-b14f-bc9cc507b843,这是专辑的独特标识。

对于每个专辑,JSON答案包含一些图像,其中一个是专辑的前面覆盖。

{
  "images": [
    {
      "approved": true,
      "back": false,
      "comment": "",
      "edit": 22132705,
      "front": true,
      "id": 4086974851,
      "image": "http://coverartarchive.org/release/435fc965-9121-461e-b8da-d9b505c9dc9b/4086974851.jpg",
      "thumbnails": {
        "250": "http://coverartarchive.org/release/435fc965-9121-461e-b8da-d9b505c9dc9b/4086974851-250.jpg",
        "500": "http://coverartarchive.org/release/435fc965-9121-461e-b8da-d9b505c9dc9b/4086974851-500.jpg",
        "1200": "http://coverartarchive.org/release/435fc965-9121-461e-b8da-d9b505c9dc9b/4086974851-1200.jpg",
        "large": "http://coverartarchive.org/release/435fc965-9121-461e-b8da-d9b505c9dc9b/4086974851-500.jpg",
= = >   "small": "http://coverartarchive.org/release/435fc965-9121-461e-b8da-d9b505c9dc9b/4086974851-250.jpg"
    },
...

这里有兴趣的是“小”的线:“http://coverartarchive.org/release/435fc965-9121-461e-b8da-d9b505c9dc9b/4086974851-250.jpg”。

创建和视觉化Mashup的代码

const lock = setTimeout(() => {}, 43210);
const albumsArray = [];
const urlsArray = [];
const urlOuter = 'https://musicbrainz.org/ws/2/artist/' +
  pm.collectionVariables.get('MBID') + '?fmt=json&inc=url-rels+release-groups';
pm.sendRequest(urlOuter, (_, responseO) => {
  const bandName = responseO.json().name;
  const albums = responseO.json()['release-groups'];
  for (const item of albums) {
    albumsArray.push(item.title);
    urlsArray.push('https://coverartarchive.org/release-group/' + item.id);
  }
  albumsArray.length = urlsArray.length = 15;
  const images = [];
  let countDown = urlsArray.length;
  urlsArray.forEach((url, index) => {
    asynchronousCall(url, imageURL => {
      images[index] = imageURL;
      if (--countDown === 0) { // Callback for ALL starts on next line.
        clearTimeout(lock); // Unlock the timeout.
        const albumTitles = albumsArray.map(value => ({ title: value }));
        const albumImages = images.map(value => ({ image: value }));
        const albumsAndImages = albumTitles.map(
          (item, i) => Object.assign({}, item, albumImages[i]));
        const template = `<table>
          <tr><th>` + bandName + `</th></tr>
          {{#each responseI}}
          <tr><td>{{title}}<br><img src="{{image}}"></td></tr>
          {{/each}}
        </table>`;
        pm.visualizer.set(template, { responseI: albumsAndImages });
      }
    });
  });
  function asynchronousCall (url, callback) {
    pm.sendRequest(url, (_, responseI) => {
      callback(responseI.json().images.find(obj => obj.front === true)
        .thumbnails.small); // Individual callback.
    });
  }
});

结果和文档

此分類上一篇


角质1

使用AngularJS的人可以通过承诺来处理这种情况。

這裡說,

承诺可以用于无与伦比的功能,并允许一个连接多个功能。

你也可以在这里找到一个好解释。

下面提到的文档中有一个例子。

  promiseB = promiseA.then(
    function onSuccess(result) {
      return result + 1;
    }
    ,function onError(err) {
      // Handle error
    }
  );

 // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved
 // and its value will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1.

孔子2及以后

在 Angular 2 中,请参见下面的例子,但建议使用 Angular 2 的观察器。

 search(term: string) {
     return this.http
       .get(`https://api.spotify.com/v1/search?q=${term}&type=artist`)
       .map((response) => response.json())
       .toPromise();
}

你可以用这种方式,

search() {
    this.searchService.search(this.searchField.value)
      .then((result) => {
    this.result = result.artists.items;
  })
  .catch((error) => console.error(error));
}

但TypeScript不支持本地ES6承诺,如果你想使用它,你可能需要插件。

此外,这里是承诺的规格。

ECMAScript 6 有“发明器”,允许您轻松地在无同步的风格编程。

function* myGenerator() {
    const callback = yield;
    let [response] = yield $.ajax("https://stackoverflow.com", {complete: callback});
    console.log("response is:", response);

    // examples of other things you can do
    yield setTimeout(callback, 1000);
    console.log("it delayed for 1000ms");
    while (response.statusText === "error") {
        [response] = yield* anotherGenerator();
    }
}

要运行上面的代码,你会这样做:

const gen = myGenerator(); // Create generator
gen.next(); // Start it
gen.next((...args) => gen.next([...args])); // Set its callback function

如果您需要针对不支持 ES6 的浏览器,您可以通过 Babel 或关闭编译器运行代码,以创建 ECMAScript 5。

呼叫回归器被包围在一个序列,并在你阅读它们时被破坏,以便模式可以处理有多个论点的呼叫回归器。

const [err, data] = yield fs.readFile(filePath, "utf-8", callback);

使用承诺

这个问题的最完美答案是使用承诺。

function ajax(method, url, params) {
  return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.onload = function() {
      resolve(this.responseText);
    };
    xhr.onerror = reject;
    xhr.open(method, url);
    xhr.send(params);
  });
}

使用

ajax("GET", "/test", "acrive=1").then(function(result) {
    // Code depending on result
})
.catch(function() {
    // An error occurred
});

但是等......!

使用承诺有问题!

為什麼我們應該使用我們自己的自定義承諾?

我一直在使用这个解决方案一段时间,直到我发现有一个错误在旧的浏览器:

未完成参考错误:承诺未定义

因此,我决定在未定义的情况下,将我的自己的承诺类为ES3实施到下面的JavaScript编辑器。

if(typeof Promise === "undefined"){
    function _typeof(obj) { "@babel/helpers - typeof"; return 

    _typeof = "function" == typeof Symbol && "symbol" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (obj) { return typeof obj; } : function (obj) { return obj && "function" == typeof Symbol && obj.constructor === Symbol && obj !== Symbol.prototype ? "symbol" : typeof obj; }, _typeof(obj); }
    function _toConsumableArray(arr) { return _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) || _iterableToArray(arr) || _unsupportedIterableToArray(arr) || _nonIterableSpread(); }
    function _nonIterableSpread() { throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to spread non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method."); }
    function _unsupportedIterableToArray(o, minLen) { if (!o) return; if (typeof o === "string") return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); var n = Object.prototype.toString.call(o).slice(8, -1); if (n === "Object" && o.constructor) n = o.constructor.name; if (n === "Map" || n === "Set") return Array.from(o); if (n === "Arguments" || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(n)) return _arrayLikeToArray(o, minLen); }
    function _iterableToArray(iter) { if (typeof Symbol !== "undefined" && iter[Symbol.iterator] != null || iter["@@iterator"] != null) return Array.from(iter); }
    function _arrayWithoutHoles(arr) { if (Array.isArray(arr)) return _arrayLikeToArray(arr); }
    function _arrayLikeToArray(arr, len) { if (len == null || len > arr.length) len = arr.length; for (var i = 0, arr2 = new Array(len); i < len; i++) arr2[i] = arr[i]; return arr2; }
    function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } }
    function _defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, _toPropertyKey(descriptor.key), descriptor); } }
    function _createClass(Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) _defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) _defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); Object.defineProperty(Constructor, "prototype", { writable: false }); return Constructor; }
    function _toPropertyKey(arg) { var key = _toPrimitive(arg, "string"); return _typeof(key) === "symbol" ? key : String(key); }
    function _toPrimitive(input, hint) { if (_typeof(input) !== "object" || input === null) return input; var prim = input[Symbol.toPrimitive]; if (prim !== undefined) { var res = prim.call(input, hint || "default"); if (_typeof(res) !== "object") return res; throw new TypeError("@@toPrimitive must return a primitive value."); } return (hint === "string" ? String : Number)(input); }
    var Promise = /*#__PURE__*/function () {
  "use strict";

  function Promise(main) {
    _classCallCheck(this, Promise);
    this.main = main;
    this.mainExecuted = false;
    this.resolved = false;
    this.rejected = false;
    this.promiseChain = [];
    this.handleError = function () {};
    this.onResolve = this.onResolve.bind(this);
    this.onReject = this.onReject.bind(this);
  }
  _createClass(Promise, [{
    key: "then",
    value: function then(handleSuccess) {
      if (this.resolved) {
        if (!this.rejected) {
          this.args = handleSuccess(this.args);
        }
      } else {
        this.promiseChain.push(handleSuccess);
        this.main(this.onResolve, this.onReject);
        this.thenExecuted = true;
      }
      return this;
    }
  }, {
    key: "catch",
    value: function _catch(handleError) {
      this.handleError = handleError;
      if (!this.mainExecuted) {
        this.main(this.onResolve, this.onReject);
        this.thenExecuted = true;
      }
      return this;
    }
  }, {
    key: "onResolve",
    value: function onResolve() {
      var _this = this;
      this.resolved = true;
      for (var _len = arguments.length, args = new Array(_len), _key = 0; _key < _len; _key++) {
        args[_key] = arguments[_key];
      }
      this.args = args;
      try {
        this.promiseChain.forEach(function (nextFunction) {
          _this.args = nextFunction.apply(void 0, _toConsumableArray(_this.args));
        });
      } catch (error) {
        this.promiseChain = [];
        this.onReject(error);
      }
    }
  }, {
    key: "onReject",
    value: function onReject(error) {
      this.rejected = true;
      this.handleError(error);
    }
  }]);
  return Promise;
}();
}

问题是:

我如何从无同步通话中返回答案?

可以被解释为:

如何让同步代码看起来同步?

解决方案将是避免呼叫,并使用一个组合的承诺和async/await。

我想举一个例子给一个Ajax请求。

(虽然它可以用JavaScript写作,但我宁愿用Python写作,并用Transcrypt编写到JavaScript。

首先,让我们启用 jQuery 使用,以便有 $ 作为 S 可用:

__pragma__ ('alias', 'S', '$')

设置一个函数返回承诺,在这种情况下,一个Ajax呼叫:

def read(url: str):
    deferred = S.Deferred()
    S.ajax({'type': "POST", 'url': url, 'data': { },
        'success': lambda d: deferred.resolve(d),
        'error': lambda e: deferred.reject(e)
    })
    return deferred.promise()

使用非同步代码,就好像它是同步的:

async def readALot():
    try:
        result1 = await read("url_1")
        result2 = await read("url_2")
    except Exception:
        console.warn("Reading a lot failed")