每次当你显示fragment时，你必须把它标签放入backstack:

FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
ft.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_ENTER_MASK);       
ft.add(R.id.primaryLayout, fragment, tag);
ft.addToBackStack(tag);
ft.commit();        

然后当你需要获取当前片段时，你可以使用这个方法:

public BaseFragment getActiveFragment() {
    if (getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() == 0) {
        return null;
    }
    String tag = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryAt(getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount() - 1).getName();
    return (BaseFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(tag);
}

您可以添加一个类变量selectedFragment，并且每次更改片段都更新该变量。

public Fragment selectedFragment;
public void changeFragment(Fragment newFragment){
    FragmentManager fragMgr = getSupportFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction fragTrans = fragMgr.beginTransaction();
    fragTrans.replace(android.R.id.content, newFragment);
    fragTrans.addToBackStack(null);
    fragTrans.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE);
    fragTrans.commit();
    //here you update the variable
    selectedFragment = newFragment;
}

然后你可以在任何你想要的地方使用selectedFragment

final FragmentManager fm=this.getSupportFragmentManager();
final Fragment fragment=fm.findFragmentByTag("MY_FRAGMENT");

if(fragment != null && fragment.isVisible()){
      Log.i("TAG","my fragment is visible");
}
else{
      Log.i("TAG","my fragment is not visible");
}

有点奇怪，但我看了FragmentManager$FragmentManagerImpl和以下工作为我:

public static Fragment getActiveFragment(Activity activity, int index)
{
    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
    String key = "i";
    bundle.putInt(key,index);
    Fragment fragment=null;
    try
    {
        fragment = activity.getFragmentManager().getFragment(bundle, key);
    } catch(Exception e){}
    return fragment;
}

要获得第一个活动片段，请使用0作为索引

如果你在使用Kotlin:

var fragment = supportFragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fragment_container)

R.id.fragment_container是片段在其活动中呈现的id

或者如果你想要一个更好的解决方案:

supportFragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.content_main)?.let {
    // the fragment exists

    if (it is FooFragment) {
        // The presented fragment is FooFragment type
    }
}

1)

ft.replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment, **tag**).commit();

2)

FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
Fragment currentFragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.content_frame);

3)

if (currentFragment.getTag().equals(**"Fragment_Main"**))
{
 //Do something
}
else
if (currentFragment.getTag().equals(**"Fragment_DM"**))
{
//Do something
}