Head Geek: BINGO! You got it totally - that's exactly what it's perfect for. In many embedded environments, external constraints and/or the overall use scenario forces the programmer to separate the allocation of an object from its initialization. Lumped together, C++ calls this "instantiation"; but whenever the constructor's action must be explicitly invoked WITHOUT dynamic or automatic allocation, placement new is the way to do it. It's also the perfect way to locate a global C++ object that is pinned to the address of a hardware component (memory-mapped I/O), or for any static object that, for whatever reason, must reside at a fixed address.

我曾看到它被用作“动态类型”指针的轻微性能hack(在“引擎盖下”一节中):

但这是我用来获得小类型的快速性能的棘手技巧:如果所持有的值可以放入void*中，我实际上不需要分配一个新对象，而是使用placement new将其强制到指针本身。

它可能在使用共享内存时很方便，在其他用途中…例如:http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_51_0/doc/html/interprocess/synchronization_mechanisms.html#interprocess.synchronization_mechanisms.conditions.conditions_anonymous_example

实际上，实现任何类型的数据结构都需要分配比插入元素数量的最低要求更多的内存(即，除了每次分配一个节点的链接结构之外的任何数据结构)。

以unordered_map、vector或deque等容器为例。这些都为您插入的元素分配了比最低要求更多的内存，以避免为每次插入都需要堆分配。让我们用向量作为最简单的例子。

当你这样做时:

vector<Foo> vec;

// Allocate memory for a thousand Foos:
vec.reserve(1000);

．.． 其实也造不出一千个foo。它只是为它们分配/保留内存。如果vector没有在这里使用放置new，它将在所有地方默认构造foo，并且必须调用它们的析构函数，即使是对于你从未在第一个位置插入的元素。

分配=建设，解放=毁灭

一般来说，要实现像上面这样的许多数据结构，不能将分配内存和构造元素视为一个不可分割的事情，同样也不能将释放内存和销毁元素视为一个不可分割的事情。

为了避免不必要地向左或向右调用多余的构造函数和析构函数，这就是标准库将std::allocator(在分配/释放内存*时不构造或销毁元素)的思想与使用它的容器分开的原因，这些容器使用放置new手动构造元素，使用显式调用析构函数手动销毁元素。

我讨厌std::allocator的设计，但这是一个不同的主题，我将避免咆哮。: - d

So anyway, I tend to use it a lot since I've written a number of general-purpose standard-compliant C++ containers that could not be built in terms of the existing ones. Included among them is a small vector implementation I built a couple decades ago to avoid heap allocations in common cases, and a memory-efficient trie (doesn't allocate one node at a time). In both cases I couldn't really implement them using the existing containers, and so I had to use placement new to avoid superfluously invoking constructors and destructors on things unnecessary left and right.

当然，如果你曾经使用自定义分配器来单独分配对象，比如一个free list，那么你通常也会想使用placement new，就像这样(基本的例子，不需要担心异常安全或RAII):

Foo* foo = new(free_list.allocate()) Foo(...);
...
foo->~Foo();
free_list.free(foo);

Head Geek: BINGO! You got it totally - that's exactly what it's perfect for. In many embedded environments, external constraints and/or the overall use scenario forces the programmer to separate the allocation of an object from its initialization. Lumped together, C++ calls this "instantiation"; but whenever the constructor's action must be explicitly invoked WITHOUT dynamic or automatic allocation, placement new is the way to do it. It's also the perfect way to locate a global C++ object that is pinned to the address of a hardware component (memory-mapped I/O), or for any static object that, for whatever reason, must reside at a fixed address.

当您想重新初始化全局或静态分配的结构时，它也很有用。

旧的C方法是使用memset()将所有元素设置为0。在c++中，由于虚函数和自定义对象构造函数，无法做到这一点。

所以我有时会用下面的方法

 static Mystruct m;

 for(...)  {
     // re-initialize the structure. Note the use of placement new
     // and the extra parenthesis after Mystruct to force initialization.
     new (&m) Mystruct();

     // do-some work that modifies m's content.
 }