是否可以在ES6类中创建私有属性?
举个例子。 如何阻止访问instance.property?
class Something {
constructor(){
this.property = "test";
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"
是否可以在ES6类中创建私有属性?
举个例子。 如何阻止访问instance.property?
class Something {
constructor(){
this.property = "test";
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"
当前回答
我有一个解决办法,它很简单…虽然性能不是问题…但它确实有效,而且效果很好。
诀窍在于,在私有属性和函数被建立和标准化/采用之前,需要另一种解决方案,这是另一种解决方案…
class ClassPrivateProperties {
constructor(instance) {
const $this = instance;
let properties = {};
this.prop = (key, value = undefined) => {
if (!value) {
return properties[key];
} else {
properties[key] = value;
}
};
this.clear = instance => {
if ($this === instance) {
properties = {};
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
}
这是一个示例用法,可以是什么(如果你使用上面的感觉自由,使它更好)
class Test {
constructor() {
this._privateProps = new ClassPrivateProperties(this);
}
property(key, value = undefined) {
if (!value) {
return this._privateProps.prop(key);
} else {
this._privateProps.prop(key, value);
}
}
clear() { return this._privateProps.clear(this); }
}
const test = new test;
test.property('myKey','some value here');
console.log(test.property('myKey'));
就像我提到的,这个问题不是最好的,但它工作,使属性真正的私有。
其他回答
class Something {
constructor(){
var _property = "test";
Object.defineProperty(this, "property", {
get: function(){ return _property}
});
}
}
var instance = new Something();
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"
instance.property = "can read from outside, but can't write";
console.log(instance.property); //=> "test"
我现在听到的建议是使用WeakMaps来保存私人数据,以供其他看客参考。
下面是一个更清晰、有效的例子:
function storePrivateProperties(a, b, c, d) {
let privateData = new WeakMap;
// unique object as key, weak map can only accept object as key, when key is no longer referened, garbage collector claims the key-value
let keyA = {}, keyB = {}, keyC = {}, keyD = {};
privateData.set(keyA, a);
privateData.set(keyB, b);
privateData.set(keyC, c);
privateData.set(keyD, d);
return {
logPrivateKey(key) {
switch(key) {
case "a":
console.log(privateData.get(keyA));
break;
case "b":
console.log(privateData.get(keyB));
break;
case "c":
console.log(privateData.get(keyC));
break;
case "d":
console.log(privateData.set(keyD));
break;
default:
console.log(`There is no value for ${key}`)
}
}
}
}
来这个派对很晚,但我在搜索中碰到了OP问题,所以… 是的,您可以通过将类声明包装在闭包中来拥有私有属性
这里有一个我如何在这个代码依赖中拥有私有方法的例子。在下面的代码片段中,Subscribable类有两个“私有”函数process和processCallbacks。任何属性都可以以这种方式添加,并且通过使用闭包将它们保持为私有。如果关注点被很好地分离,并且Javascript不需要通过添加更多的语法而变得臃肿,当闭包整齐地完成工作时,隐私是一个罕见的需求。
const Subscribable = (function(){
const process = (self, eventName, args) => {
self.processing.set(eventName, setTimeout(() => processCallbacks(self, eventName, args)))};
const processCallbacks = (self, eventName, args) => {
if (self.callingBack.get(eventName).length > 0){
const [nextCallback, ...callingBack] = self.callingBack.get(eventName);
self.callingBack.set(eventName, callingBack);
process(self, eventName, args);
nextCallback(...args)}
else {
delete self.processing.delete(eventName)}};
return class {
constructor(){
this.callingBack = new Map();
this.processing = new Map();
this.toCallbacks = new Map()}
subscribe(eventName, callback){
const callbacks = this.unsubscribe(eventName, callback);
this.toCallbacks.set(eventName, [...callbacks, callback]);
return () => this.unsubscribe(eventName, callback)} // callable to unsubscribe for convenience
unsubscribe(eventName, callback){
let callbacks = this.toCallbacks.get(eventName) || [];
callbacks = callbacks.filter(subscribedCallback => subscribedCallback !== callback);
if (callbacks.length > 0) {
this.toCallbacks.set(eventName, callbacks)}
else {
this.toCallbacks.delete(eventName)}
return callbacks}
emit(eventName, ...args){
this.callingBack.set(eventName, this.toCallbacks.get(eventName) || []);
if (!this.processing.has(eventName)){
process(this, eventName, args)}}}})();
我喜欢这种方法,因为它很好地分离了关注点,并保持了真正的私密性。唯一的缺点是需要使用'self'(或类似的东西)在私有内容中引用'this'。
你可以试试这个https://www.npmjs.com/package/private-members
这个包将按实例保存成员。
const pvt = require('private-members');
const _ = pvt();
let Exemplo = (function () {
function Exemplo() {
_(this).msg = "Minha Mensagem";
}
_().mensagem = function() {
return _(this).msg;
}
Exemplo.prototype.showMsg = function () {
let msg = _(this).mensagem();
console.log(msg);
};
return Exemplo;
})();
module.exports = Exemplo;
就我个人而言,我喜欢绑定操作符::的建议,然后将其与@d13提到的解决方案结合起来,但现在坚持使用@d13的答案,在这里您为类使用export关键字,并将私有函数放在模块中。
还有一个棘手的解决方案,这里没有提到,下面是更实用的方法,将允许它在类中拥有所有的私有道具/方法。
Private.js
export const get = state => key => state[key];
export const set = state => (key,value) => { state[key] = value; }
. js
import { get, set } from './utils/Private'
export default class Test {
constructor(initialState = {}) {
const _set = this.set = set(initialState);
const _get = this.get = get(initialState);
this.set('privateMethod', () => _get('propValue'));
}
showProp() {
return this.get('privateMethod')();
}
}
let one = new Test({ propValue: 5});
let two = new Test({ propValue: 8});
two.showProp(); // 8
one.showProp(); // 5
请对此提出意见。