我的python应用程序的Dockerfile看起来像这样-

FROM python:3.10-alpine
RUN apk update && apk upgrade
RUN pip install -U pip poetry==1.1.13
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN poetry export --without-hashes --format=requirements.txt > requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 8000
ENTRYPOINT [ "python" ]
CMD ["main.py"]

使用docker多阶段构建和python slim image，将诗词锁导出到requirements.txt，然后在virtualenv中通过pip安装。

它有最小的尺寸，不需要诗在运行时的形象，钉的版本一切。

FROM python:3.9.7 as base
ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
WORKDIR /app

FROM base as poetry
RUN pip install poetry==1.1.12
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /app/
RUN poetry export -o requirements.txt

FROM base as build
COPY --from=poetry /app/requirements.txt /tmp/requirements.txt
RUN python -m venv .venv && \
    .venv/bin/pip install 'wheel==0.36.2' && \
    .venv/bin/pip install -r /tmp/requirements.txt

FROM python:3.9.7-slim as runtime
ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
WORKDIR /app
ENV PATH=/app/.venv/bin:$PATH
COPY --from=build /app/.venv /app/.venv
COPY . /app

博士TL;

我已经能够使用postgres为Django项目创建诗歌。在做了一些研究后，我最终得到了以下Dockerfile:

FROM python:slim

# Keeps Python from generating .pyc files in the container
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
# Turns off buffering for easier container logging
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Install and setup poetry
RUN pip install -U pip \
    && apt-get update \
    && apt install -y curl netcat \
    && curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python -
ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.poetry/bin"

WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY . .
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
  && poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi

# run entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]

这是entrypoint.sh的内容:

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$DATABASE" = "postgres" ]
then
    echo "Waiting for postgres..."

    while ! nc -z $SQL_HOST $SQL_PORT; do
      sleep 0.1
    done

    echo "PostgreSQL started"
fi

python manage.py migrate

exec "$@"

详细解释

需要注意以下几点:

I have decide to use slim instead of alpine as tag for the python image because even though alpine images are supposed to reduce the size of Docker images and speed up the build, with Python, you can actually end up with a bit larger image and that takes a while to build (read this article for more info). Using this configuration builds containers faster than using the alpine image because I do not need to add some extra packages to install Python packages properly. I am installing poetry directly from the URL provided in the documentation. I am aware of the warnings provided by sobolevn. However, I consider that it is better in the long term to use the lates version of poetry by default than relying on an environment variable that I should update periodically. Updating the environment variable PATH is crucial. Otherwise, you will get an error saying that poetry was not found. Dependencies are installed directly in the python interpreter of the container. It does not create poetry to create a virtual environment before installing the dependencies.

如果你需要这个Dockerfile的alpine版本:

FROM python:alpine

# Keeps Python from generating .pyc files in the container
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
# Turns off buffering for easier container logging
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Install dev dependencies
RUN apk update \
    && apk add curl postgresql-dev gcc python3-dev musl-dev openssl-dev libffi-dev

# Install poetry
RUN pip install -U pip \
    && curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python -
ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.poetry/bin"

WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY . .
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
  && poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi

# run entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]

注意，alpine版本需要一些依赖关系postgresql-dev gcc python3-dev musl-dev openssl-dev libffi-dev才能正常工作。

多阶段Docker构建与诗歌和venv

不要禁用virtualenv创建功能。virtualenv在Docker构建中发挥了作用，因为它们提供了一种优雅的方式来利用多阶段构建。简而言之，构建阶段将所有内容安装到virtualenv中，而最后阶段只是将virtualenv复制到一个小映像中。

在复制代码之前，先使用诗歌导出并安装固定的需求。这将允许您使用Docker构建缓存，并且永远不会因为更改代码中的一行而重新安装依赖项。

不要使用诗意安装来安装代码，因为它将执行可编辑的安装。相反，使用诗歌构建来构建一个轮子，然后将其安装到您的virtualenv中。(感谢PEP 517，这整个过程也可以通过简单的pip install .来执行，但由于构建隔离，您最终将安装另一个Poetry副本。)

下面是一个Dockerfile安装Flask应用到Alpine镜像的例子，它依赖于Postgres。本例使用入口点脚本激活virtualenv。但一般来说，没有入口点脚本也没问题，因为您可以在CMD指令中简单地引用/venv/bin/ Python的Python二进制文件。

Dockerfile

FROM python:3.7.6-alpine3.11 as base

ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \
    PYTHONHASHSEED=random \
    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

WORKDIR /app

FROM base as builder

ENV PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
    PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 \
    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
    POETRY_VERSION=1.0.5

RUN apk add --no-cache gcc libffi-dev musl-dev postgresql-dev
RUN pip install "poetry==$POETRY_VERSION"
RUN python -m venv /venv

COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock ./
RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt | /venv/bin/pip install -r /dev/stdin

COPY . .
RUN poetry build && /venv/bin/pip install dist/*.whl

FROM base as final

RUN apk add --no-cache libffi libpq
COPY --from=builder /venv /venv
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh wsgi.py ./
CMD ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]

docker-entrypoint.sh

#!/bin/sh

set -e

. /venv/bin/activate

while ! flask db upgrade
do
     echo "Retry..."
     sleep 1
done

exec gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:5000 --forwarded-allow-ips='*' wsgi:app

wsgi.py

import your_app

app = your_app.create_app()

我的python应用程序的Dockerfile看起来像这样-

FROM python:3.10-alpine
RUN apk update && apk upgrade
RUN pip install -U pip poetry==1.1.13
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN poetry export --without-hashes --format=requirements.txt > requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 8000
ENTRYPOINT [ "python" ]
CMD ["main.py"]

我的Dockerfile基于@lmiguelvargasf的回答。请参考他的帖子获得更详细的解释。我唯一的重大改变是以下几点:

我现在使用的是最新的官方安装程序install- poem .py，而不是官方文档中推荐的已弃用的get- poem .py。我还使用——version标志安装了一个特定的版本，但你也可以使用环境变量poeetry_version。更多关于他们官方文件的信息! 我使用的PATH是/root/。local/bin:$PATH而不是${PATH}:/root/。诗词/bin从OP的Dockerfile

FROM python:3.10.4-slim-buster

ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1 \
    PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install curl -y \
    && curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python - --version 1.1.13

ENV PATH="/root/.local/bin:$PATH"

WORKDIR /usr/app

COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock ./

RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
    && poetry install --no-dev --no-interaction --no-ansi

COPY ./src ./

EXPOSE 5000

CMD [ "poetry", "run", "gunicorn", "-b", "0.0.0.0:5000", "test_poetry.app:create_app()" ]