出于某种原因,在下面的代码段中,构造函数委托似乎不起作用:

function NotImplementedError() { 
  Error.apply(this, arguments); 
}
NotImplementedError.prototype = new Error();

var nie = new NotImplementedError("some message");
console.log("The message is: '"+nie.message+"'")

运行该命令得到的消息是:"。有什么想法,为什么,或者是否有更好的方法来创建一个新的错误子类?是否有一个问题,应用到本机错误构造函数,我不知道?


当前回答

这是最快的方法:

    let thisVar = false

    if (thisVar === false) {
            throw new Error("thisVar is false. It should be true.")
    }

其他回答

如果你使用Node/Chrome。下面的代码片段将为您提供满足以下要求的扩展。

err instanceof Error err instanceof CustomErrorType console.log() returns [CustomErrorType] when created with a message console.log() returns [CustomErrorType: message] when created without a message throw/stack provides the information at the point the error was created. Works optimally in Node.JS, and Chrome. Will pass instanceof checks in Chrome, Safari, Firefox and IE 8+, but will not have a valid stack outside of Chrome/Safari. I'm OK with that because I can debug in chrome, but code which requires specific error types will still function cross browser. If you need Node only you can easily remove the if statements and you're good to go.

片段

var CustomErrorType = function(message) {
    if (Object.defineProperty) {
        Object.defineProperty(this, "message", {
            value : message || "",
            enumerable : false
        });
    } else {
        this.message = message;
    }

    if (Error.captureStackTrace) {
        Error.captureStackTrace(this, CustomErrorType);
    }
}

CustomErrorType.prototype = new Error();
CustomErrorType.prototype.name = "CustomErrorType";

使用

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");

输出

var err = new CustomErrorType("foo");
console.log(err);
console.log(err.stack);

[CustomErrorType: foo]
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

/errorTest.js:30
        throw err;
              ^
CustomErrorType: foo
    at Object.<anonymous> (/errorTest.js:27:12)
    at Module._compile (module.js:456:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:474:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:497:10)
    at startup (node.js:119:16)
    at node.js:906:3

以下是我支持es2015之前版本浏览器的解决方案。它不做任何花哨的原型调整,也不会破坏调试器。

/**  Custom Errors
    // Depends on underscore js
    // This will declare an CustError() class in both 'this' and '_exports' namespaces
    // ctor is optional
    declare_cust_error(function CustError(){}, {ns: [this, _exports], ctor: 
        function cust_err_ctor(instance, clazz, name, msg, info){
            q$.called(arguments)
        }
    })

    // Usage:
    // Second param (pojso) is optional
    try {
        throw CustError.create("foo", {k1: 'v1', k2: 'v2'})
    }catch(ex){
        if(CustError.is_inst(ex)){
            console.error("its a CustError", ex)
        } else {
            throw ex
        }
    }

**/
function declare_cust_error(error_class, opts){
    var p, c, cp
    if(!error_class||!(p=error_class.prototype))throw new Error("error_class must be a Class")
    try{
        c = p.constructor; cp = c.toString()
    }catch(ex){}
    if(!cp || cp.indexOf('function ') != 0 || cp.indexOf('[native code]') > 0)
        throw new Error("error_class must be a classic proto class (pre-es6) but got: " + error_class.toString())

    opts=opts||{}
    
    error_class.__is_cust_error__ = true
    error_class.__cust_error_name__ = c.name

    error_class.create = function cust_error_create(msg, info){
        var instance = new Error(msg)
        instance.info = info
        instance.__is_cust_error__ = true
        instance.__cust_error_name__ = c.name
        if(_.isFunction(opts.ctor)){
            opts.ctor(instance, error_class, c.name, msg, info)
        }
        return instance
    }

    error_class.is_inst = function cust_error_is_inst(instanace){
        return ( (instanace instanceof Error) && instanace.__cust_error_name__ === error_class.__cust_error_name__ )
    }
    
    // Declare error in namespace(s)
    _.each(_.isArray(opts.ns)?opts.ns:[opts.ns], function(ns){ ns[c.name] = error_class })

    return error_class

}

构造函数需要类似于工厂方法,并返回您想要的内容。如果你需要额外的方法/属性,你可以在返回之前将它们添加到对象中。

function NotImplementedError(message) { return new Error("Not implemented", message); }

x = new NotImplementedError();

不过我不明白你为什么要这么做。为什么不直接使用new Error…? 自定义异常在JavaScript(或任何非类型化语言)中并没有真正添加太多内容。

以上所有的答案都很糟糕,真的。即使是107个向上的那个!真正的答案在这里:

从Error对象继承- message属性在哪里?

TL; diana:

a .没有设置message的原因是Error是一个函数,它返回一个新的Error对象,并且不以任何方式操作它。

B.正确的方法是从构造函数返回apply的结果,以及以通常复杂的javascript方式设置原型:

function MyError() { var temp = Error.apply(this, arguments); temp.name = this.name = 'MyError'; this.message = temp.message; if(Object.defineProperty) { // getter for more optimizy goodness /*this.stack = */Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', { get: function() { return temp.stack }, configurable: true // so you can change it if you want }) } else { this.stack = temp.stack } } //inherit prototype using ECMAScript 5 (IE 9+) MyError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, { constructor: { value: MyError, writable: true, configurable: true } }); var myError = new MyError("message"); console.log("The message is: '" + myError.message + "'"); // The message is: 'message' console.log(myError instanceof Error); // true console.log(myError instanceof MyError); // true console.log(myError.toString()); // MyError: message console.log(myError.stack); // MyError: message \n // <stack trace ...> //for EMCAScript 4 or ealier (IE 8 or ealier), inherit prototype this way instead of above code: /* var IntermediateInheritor = function() {}; IntermediateInheritor.prototype = Error.prototype; MyError.prototype = new IntermediateInheritor(); */

您可能会使用一些技巧来枚举tmp Error的所有不可枚举属性来设置它们,而不是显式地只设置stack和message,但是ie<9不支持这种技巧

以不能使用instanceof为代价,下面的代码保留了原始的堆栈跟踪,并且没有使用任何非标准的技巧。

// the function itself
var fixError = function(err, name) {
    err.name = name;
    return err;
}

// using the function
try {
    throw fixError(new Error('custom error message'), 'CustomError');
} catch (e) {
    if (e.name == 'CustomError')
        console.log('Wee! Custom Error! Msg:', e.message);
    else
        throw e; // unhandled. let it propagate upwards the call stack
}