四舍五入到2的幂:

以防有人需要一个正数四舍五入到2的幂的最近倍数的解(因为这就是我在这里结束的原因):

// number: the number to be rounded (ex: 5, 123, 98345, etc.)
// pow2:   the power to be rounded to (ex: to round to 16, use '4')
int roundPow2 (int number, int pow2) {
    pow2--;                     // because (2 exp x) == (1 << (x -1))
    pow2 = 0x01 << pow2;

    pow2--;                     // because for any
                                //
                                // (x = 2 exp x)
                                //
                                // subtracting one will
                                // yield a field of ones
                                // which we can use in a
                                // bitwise OR

    number--;                   // yield a similar field for
                                // bitwise OR
    number = number | pow2;
    number++;                   // restore value by adding one back

    return number;
}

如果输入的数字已经是一个倍数，那么它将保持不变。

以下是GCC使用- o2或- os给出的x86_64输出(9Sep2013 Build - godbolt GCC online):

roundPow2(int, int):
    lea ecx, [rsi-1]
    mov eax, 1
    sub edi, 1
    sal eax, cl
    sub eax, 1
    or  eax, edi
    add eax, 1
    ret

每一行C代码都与它在程序集中的行完全对应:http://goo.gl/DZigfX

每条指令都非常快，所以这个函数也非常快。由于代码非常小且快速，因此在使用时内联该函数可能很有用。

信贷:

算法:Hagen von Eitzen @ Math。SE Godbolt交互式编译器:@mattgodbolt/gcc-explorer在GitHub上

总是四舍五入

int alwaysRoundUp(int n, int multiple)
{
    if (n % multiple != 0) {
        n = ((n + multiple) / multiple) * multiple;

        // Another way
        //n = n - n % multiple + multiple;
    }

    return n;
}

一生(1,10)-> 10

一生(5,10)-> 10

-> 10 -> 10

总是四舍五入

int alwaysRoundDown(int n, int multiple)
{
    n = (n / multiple) * multiple;

    return n;
}

一直循环(1,10)-> 0

一直循环(5、10)-> 0

一直循环(10,10)-> 10

以正常的方式圆

int normalRound(int n, int multiple)
{
    n = ((n + multiple/2)/multiple) * multiple;

    return n;
}

正常回合（1， 10） -> 0

normalRound(5、10)-> 10

normalRound(10,10) -> 10

我用的是:

template <class _Ty>
inline _Ty n_Align_Up(_Ty n_x, _Ty n_alignment)
{
    assert(n_alignment > 0);
    //n_x += (n_x >= 0)? n_alignment - 1 : 1 - n_alignment; // causes to round away from zero (greatest absolute value)
    n_x += (n_x >= 0)? n_alignment - 1 : -1; // causes to round up (towards positive infinity)
    //n_x += (_Ty(-(n_x >= 0)) & n_alignment) - 1; // the same as above, avoids branch and integer multiplication
    //n_x += n_alignment - 1; // only works for positive numbers (fastest)
    return n_x - n_x % n_alignment; // rounds negative towards zero
}

对于2的幂:

template <class _Ty>
bool b_Is_POT(_Ty n_x)
{
    return !(n_x & (n_x - 1));
}

template <class _Ty>
inline _Ty n_Align_Up_POT(_Ty n_x, _Ty n_pot_alignment)
{
    assert(n_pot_alignment > 0);
    assert(b_Is_POT(n_pot_alignment)); // alignment must be power of two
    -- n_pot_alignment;
    return (n_x + n_pot_alignment) & ~n_pot_alignment; // rounds towards positive infinity (i.e. negative towards zero)
}

请注意，这两个负值都舍入到0(这意味着所有值都舍入到正无穷)，它们都不依赖于有符号溢出(这在C/ c++中未定义)。

这给:

n_Align_Up(10, 100) = 100
n_Align_Up(110, 100) = 200
n_Align_Up(0, 100) = 0
n_Align_Up(-10, 100) = 0
n_Align_Up(-110, 100) = -100
n_Align_Up(-210, 100) = -200
n_Align_Up_POT(10, 128) = 128
n_Align_Up_POT(130, 128) = 256
n_Align_Up_POT(0, 128) = 0
n_Align_Up_POT(-10, 128) = 0
n_Align_Up_POT(-130, 128) = -128
n_Align_Up_POT(-260, 128) = -256

这将得到正整数的结果:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int roundUp(int numToRound, int multiple);

int main() {
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(7, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(117, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(477, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(1077, 100) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(52,20) << endl;
    cout << "answer is: " << roundUp(74,30) << endl;
    return 0;
}

int roundUp(int numToRound, int multiple) {
    if (multiple == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    int result = (int) (numToRound / multiple) * multiple;
    if (numToRound % multiple) {
        result += multiple;
    } 
    return result;
}

这里是输出:

answer is: 100
answer is: 200
answer is: 500
answer is: 1100
answer is: 60
answer is: 90

我认为这是可行的:

int roundUp(int numToRound, int multiple) {
    return multiple? !(numToRound%multiple)? numToRound : ((numToRound/multiple)+1)*multiple: numToRound;
}

这里有一个超级简单的解决方案来展示优雅的概念。它主要用于网格快照。

(伪代码)

nearestPos = Math.Ceil( numberToRound / multiple ) * multiple;