正如其他人所指出的，您可以使用SQL Profiler，但也可以通过sp_trace_*系统存储过程来利用它的功能。例如，这个SQL片段将(至少在2000年;我认为这对SQL 2008是一样的，但你必须仔细检查)捕获RPC:Completed和SQL:BatchCompleted事件的所有查询需要超过10秒运行，并将输出保存到一个跟踪文件，您可以在稍后的日期在SQL分析器中打开:

DECLARE @TraceID INT
DECLARE @ON BIT
DECLARE @RetVal INT
SET @ON = 1

exec @RetVal = sp_trace_create @TraceID OUTPUT, 2, N'Y:\TraceFile.trc'
print 'This trace is Trace ID = ' + CAST(@TraceID AS NVARCHAR)
print 'Return value = ' + CAST(@RetVal AS NVARCHAR)
-- 10 = RPC:Completed
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 1, @ON     -- Textdata
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 3, @ON     -- DatabaseID
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 12, @ON        -- SPID
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 13, @ON        -- Duration
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 14, @ON        -- StartTime
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 10, 15, @ON        -- EndTime

-- 12 = SQL:BatchCompleted
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 1, @ON     -- Textdata
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 3, @ON     -- DatabaseID
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 12, @ON        -- SPID
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 13, @ON        -- Duration
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 14, @ON        -- StartTime
exec sp_trace_setevent @TraceID, 12, 15, @ON        -- EndTime

-- Filter for duration [column 13] greater than [operation 2] 10 seconds (= 10,000ms)
declare @duration bigint
set @duration = 10000
exec sp_trace_setfilter @TraceID, 13, 0, 2, @duration

您可以从Books Online中找到每个跟踪事件、列等的ID;只需搜索sp_trace_create、sp_trace_setevent和sp_trace_setfiler sppros即可。然后，您可以像下面这样控制跟踪:

exec sp_trace_setstatus 15, 0       -- Stop the trace
exec sp_trace_setstatus 15, 1       -- Start the trace
exec sp_trace_setstatus 15, 2       -- Close the trace file and delete the trace settings

.．.其中'15'是跟踪ID(如上面的第一个脚本所删除的sp_trace_create所报告的)。

您可以查看哪些跟踪正在运行:

select * from ::fn_trace_getinfo(default)

我唯一要谨慎说的是——我不知道这会给你的系统带来多少负载;它将添加一些，但“一些”的大小可能取决于您的服务器有多忙。

如果需要，可以通过SQL Profiler监视SQL查询

系统不会以这种方式记录查询。如果你知道你想提前这么做，你可以使用SQL Profiler来记录将要输入的内容，并在Profiler运行期间跟踪查询。

一个稍微开箱即用的方法是在AutoHotKey中编写一个解决方案。我用了这个，它不是完美的，但是有效而且免费。从本质上讲，这个脚本为CTRL+SHIFT+R分配了一个热键，它将复制SSMS (CTRL+C)中所选的SQL，保存一个日期戳SQL文件，然后执行突出显示的查询(F5)。如果您不习惯AHK脚本，则前导分号是注释。

;CTRL+SHIFT+R to run a query that is first saved off
^+r::
;Copy
Send, ^c
; Set variables
EnvGet, HomeDir, USERPROFILE
FormatTime, DateString,,yyyyMMdd
FormatTime, TimeString,,hhmmss
; Make a spot to save the clipboard
FileCreateDir %HomeDir%\Documents\sqlhist\%DateString%
FileAppend, %Clipboard%, %HomeDir%\Documents\sqlhist\%DateString%\%TimeString%.sql
; execute the query
Send, {f5}
Return

最大的限制是，如果你点击“执行”而不是使用键盘快捷键，这个脚本将无法工作，并且这个脚本不会保存整个文件-只保存选中的文本。但是，您总是可以修改脚本以执行查询，然后在复制/保存之前选择所有(CTRL+A)。

使用具有“在文件中查找”功能的现代编辑器可以让您搜索SQL历史记录。您甚至可以把您的文件刮到SQLite3数据库中以查询您的查询。

查询历史可以通过系统视图查看:

sys.dm_exec_query_stats sys.dm_exec_sql_text sys.dm_exec_query_plan

例如，使用以下查询:

select  top(100)
        creation_time,
        last_execution_time,
        execution_count,
        total_worker_time/1000 as CPU,
        convert(money, (total_worker_time))/(execution_count*1000)as [AvgCPUTime],
        qs.total_elapsed_time/1000 as TotDuration,
        convert(money, (qs.total_elapsed_time))/(execution_count*1000)as [AvgDur],
        total_logical_reads as [Reads],
        total_logical_writes as [Writes],
        total_logical_reads+total_logical_writes as [AggIO],
        convert(money, (total_logical_reads+total_logical_writes)/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgIO],
        [sql_handle],
        plan_handle,
        statement_start_offset,
        statement_end_offset,
        plan_generation_num,
        total_physical_reads,
        convert(money, total_physical_reads/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgIOPhysicalReads],
        convert(money, total_logical_reads/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgIOLogicalReads],
        convert(money, total_logical_writes/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgIOLogicalWrites],
        query_hash,
        query_plan_hash,
        total_rows,
        convert(money, total_rows/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgRows],
        total_dop,
        convert(money, total_dop/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgDop],
        total_grant_kb,
        convert(money, total_grant_kb/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgGrantKb],
        total_used_grant_kb,
        convert(money, total_used_grant_kb/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgUsedGrantKb],
        total_ideal_grant_kb,
        convert(money, total_ideal_grant_kb/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgIdealGrantKb],
        total_reserved_threads,
        convert(money, total_reserved_threads/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgReservedThreads],
        total_used_threads,
        convert(money, total_used_threads/(execution_count + 0.0)) as [AvgUsedThreads],
        case 
            when sql_handle IS NULL then ' '
            else(substring(st.text,(qs.statement_start_offset+2)/2,(
                case
                    when qs.statement_end_offset =-1 then len(convert(nvarchar(MAX),st.text))*2      
                    else qs.statement_end_offset    
                end - qs.statement_start_offset)/2  ))
        end as query_text,
        db_name(st.dbid) as database_name,
        object_schema_name(st.objectid, st.dbid)+'.'+object_name(st.objectid, st.dbid) as [object_name],
        sp.[query_plan]
from sys.dm_exec_query_stats as qs with(readuncommitted)
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.[sql_handle]) as st
cross apply sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.[plan_handle]) as sp
WHERE st.[text] LIKE '%query%'

使用下面的脚本可以看到当前运行的查询:

select ES.[session_id]
      ,ER.[blocking_session_id]
      ,ER.[request_id]
      ,ER.[start_time]
      ,DateDiff(second, ER.[start_time], GetDate()) as [date_diffSec]
      , COALESCE(
                    CAST(NULLIF(ER.[total_elapsed_time] / 1000, 0) as BIGINT)
                   ,CASE WHEN (ES.[status] <> 'running' and isnull(ER.[status], '')  <> 'running') 
                            THEN  DATEDIFF(ss,0,getdate() - nullif(ES.[last_request_end_time], '1900-01-01T00:00:00.000'))
                    END
                ) as [total_time, sec]
      , CAST(NULLIF((CAST(ER.[total_elapsed_time] as BIGINT) - CAST(ER.[wait_time] AS BIGINT)) / 1000, 0 ) as bigint) as [work_time, sec]
      , CASE WHEN (ER.[status] <> 'running' AND ISNULL(ER.[status],'') <> 'running') 
                THEN  DATEDIFF(ss,0,getdate() - nullif(ES.[last_request_end_time], '1900-01-01T00:00:00.000'))
        END as [sleep_time, sec] --Время сна в сек
      , NULLIF( CAST((ER.[logical_reads] + ER.[writes]) * 8 / 1024 as numeric(38,2)), 0) as [IO, MB]
      , CASE  ER.transaction_isolation_level
        WHEN 0 THEN 'Unspecified'
        WHEN 1 THEN 'ReadUncommited'
        WHEN 2 THEN 'ReadCommited'
        WHEN 3 THEN 'Repetable'
        WHEN 4 THEN 'Serializable'
        WHEN 5 THEN 'Snapshot'
        END as [transaction_isolation_level_desc]
      ,ER.[status]
      ,ES.[status] as [status_session]
      ,ER.[command]
      ,ER.[percent_complete]
      ,DB_Name(coalesce(ER.[database_id], ES.[database_id])) as [DBName]
      , SUBSTRING(
                    (select top(1) [text] from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ER.[sql_handle]))
                  , ER.[statement_start_offset]/2+1
                  , (
                        CASE WHEN ((ER.[statement_start_offset]<0) OR (ER.[statement_end_offset]<0))
                                THEN DATALENGTH ((select top(1) [text] from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ER.[sql_handle])))
                             ELSE ER.[statement_end_offset]
                        END
                        - ER.[statement_start_offset]
                    )/2 +1
                 ) as [CURRENT_REQUEST]
      ,(select top(1) [text] from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ER.[sql_handle])) as [TSQL]
      ,(select top(1) [objectid] from sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ER.[sql_handle])) as [objectid]
      ,(select top(1) [query_plan] from sys.dm_exec_query_plan(ER.[plan_handle])) as [QueryPlan]
      ,NULL as [event_info]--(select top(1) [event_info] from sys.dm_exec_input_buffer(ES.[session_id], ER.[request_id])) as [event_info]
      ,ER.[wait_type]
      ,ES.[login_time]
      ,ES.[host_name]
      ,ES.[program_name]
      ,cast(ER.[wait_time]/1000 as decimal(18,3)) as [wait_timeSec]
      ,ER.[wait_time]
      ,ER.[last_wait_type]
      ,ER.[wait_resource]
      ,ER.[open_transaction_count]
      ,ER.[open_resultset_count]
      ,ER.[transaction_id]
      ,ER.[context_info]
      ,ER.[estimated_completion_time]
      ,ER.[cpu_time]
      ,ER.[total_elapsed_time]
      ,ER.[scheduler_id]
      ,ER.[task_address]
      ,ER.[reads]
      ,ER.[writes]
      ,ER.[logical_reads]
      ,ER.[text_size]
      ,ER.[language]
      ,ER.[date_format]
      ,ER.[date_first]
      ,ER.[quoted_identifier]
      ,ER.[arithabort]
      ,ER.[ansi_null_dflt_on]
      ,ER.[ansi_defaults]
      ,ER.[ansi_warnings]
      ,ER.[ansi_padding]
      ,ER.[ansi_nulls]
      ,ER.[concat_null_yields_null]
      ,ER.[transaction_isolation_level]
      ,ER.[lock_timeout]
      ,ER.[deadlock_priority]
      ,ER.[row_count]
      ,ER.[prev_error]
      ,ER.[nest_level]
      ,ER.[granted_query_memory]
      ,ER.[executing_managed_code]
      ,ER.[group_id]
      ,ER.[query_hash]
      ,ER.[query_plan_hash]
      ,EC.[most_recent_session_id]
      ,EC.[connect_time]
      ,EC.[net_transport]
      ,EC.[protocol_type]
      ,EC.[protocol_version]
      ,EC.[endpoint_id]
      ,EC.[encrypt_option]
      ,EC.[auth_scheme]
      ,EC.[node_affinity]
      ,EC.[num_reads]
      ,EC.[num_writes]
      ,EC.[last_read]
      ,EC.[last_write]
      ,EC.[net_packet_size]
      ,EC.[client_net_address]
      ,EC.[client_tcp_port]
      ,EC.[local_net_address]
      ,EC.[local_tcp_port]
      ,EC.[parent_connection_id]
      ,EC.[most_recent_sql_handle]
      ,ES.[host_process_id]
      ,ES.[client_version]
      ,ES.[client_interface_name]
      ,ES.[security_id]
      ,ES.[login_name]
      ,ES.[nt_domain]
      ,ES.[nt_user_name]
      ,ES.[memory_usage]
      ,ES.[total_scheduled_time]
      ,ES.[last_request_start_time]
      ,ES.[last_request_end_time]
      ,ES.[is_user_process]
      ,ES.[original_security_id]
      ,ES.[original_login_name]
      ,ES.[last_successful_logon]
      ,ES.[last_unsuccessful_logon]
      ,ES.[unsuccessful_logons]
      ,ES.[authenticating_database_id]
      ,ER.[sql_handle]
      ,ER.[statement_start_offset]
      ,ER.[statement_end_offset]
      ,ER.[plan_handle]
      ,NULL as [dop]--ER.[dop]
      ,coalesce(ER.[database_id], ES.[database_id]) as [database_id]
      ,ER.[user_id]
      ,ER.[connection_id]
from sys.dm_exec_requests ER with(readuncommitted)
right join sys.dm_exec_sessions ES with(readuncommitted)
on ES.session_id = ER.session_id 
left join sys.dm_exec_connections EC  with(readuncommitted)
on EC.session_id = ES.session_id
where ER.[status] in ('suspended', 'running', 'runnable')
or exists (select top(1) 1 from sys.dm_exec_requests as ER0 where ER0.[blocking_session_id]=ES.[session_id])

该请求显示所有活动请求和显式阻止活动请求的所有请求。

所有这些和其他有用的脚本都作为SRV数据库中的表示形式实现，该数据库是免费分发的。 例如，第一个脚本来自视图[inf]。[vBigQuery]，第二个来自视图[inf].[vRequests]。

对于查询历史，也有各种第三方解决方案。 我使用Dbeaver的查询管理器: 和SSMS内嵌的SQL Tools中的查询执行历史:

[因为这个问题可能会作为一个重复的问题结束。]

如果SQL Server还没有重新启动(并且计划还没有被清除等等)，您可能能够在计划缓存中找到该查询。

SELECT t.[text]
FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans AS p
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(p.plan_handle) AS t
WHERE t.[text] LIKE N'%something unique about your query%';

如果你因为Management Studio崩溃而丢失了文件，你可以在这里找到恢复文件:

C:\Users\<you>\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Backup Files\

否则，你将需要使用其他工具来帮助你保存查询历史，比如Ed Harper的回答中提到的SSMS Tools Pack——尽管它在SQL Server 2012+中不是免费的。或者您可以设置一些轻量级跟踪过滤您的登录名或主机名(但请使用服务器端跟踪，而不是Profiler)。

正如@Nenad-Zivkovic评论的那样，加入sys可能会有帮助。Dm_exec_query_stats和last_execution_time排序:

SELECT t.[text], s.last_execution_time
FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans AS p
INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS s
   ON p.plan_handle = s.plan_handle
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(p.plan_handle) AS t
WHERE t.[text] LIKE N'%something unique about your query%'
ORDER BY s.last_execution_time DESC;