我也遇到了同样的问题，并添加了如下内容:

<argLine>-Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m</argLine>

整个plugin元素是:

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
    <forkCount>3</forkCount>
    <reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
    <argLine>-Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m</argLine>
  </configuration>
</plugin>

导致:java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.RuntimeException:分叉虚拟机未正确告别而终止。虚拟机崩溃或系统崩溃。退出叫什么?”

如果使用不兼容的java版本，则可能出现此问题。喜欢使用新版本的java，而代码支持一些其他版本。

当我遇到这个错误时，这是由于我的ulimit打开文件(ulimit -n)太低。它(不知何故)被设置为仅256:

% ulimit -n
256

在我增加限制后，错误消失了:

% ulimit -n 3072
% ulimit -n     
3072

您的系统可能不允许将限制设置得这么高。例如，当我试图使用更大的数字时，就会发生这种情况:

% ulimit -n 3073
ulimit: setrlimit failed: invalid argument

或者这可能低于您现有的限制，您可能面临不同的根本原因。

Surefire FAQ的这一部分可以帮助你:

Surefire fails with the message "The forked VM terminated without properly saying goodbye" Surefire does not support tests or any referenced libraries calling System.exit() at any time. If they do so, they are incompatible with surefire and you should probably file an issue with the library/vendor. Alternatively the forked VM could also crash for a number of reasons, which can also make this issue happen. Look for the classical "hs_err*" files indicating VM crashes or examine the log output from running maven when the tests execute. Some "extraordinary" output from crashing processes may be dumped to the console/log. If this happens on a CI environment and only after some time runs there is a fair chance your test suite is leaking some kind of OS-level resource that makes things worse for every run. Regular os-level monitoring tools may give you some indication.

我在Ubuntu机器上的Jenkins构建过程中遇到了这个问题。

/var/log/syslog报告内存不足:Kill process 19557 (java) score 207或牺牲子进程。

因此，我给了Ubuntu机器更多的交换空间。从那以后，这个问题就不存在了。

我也遇到了同样的问题，并添加了如下内容:

<argLine>-Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m</argLine>

整个plugin元素是:

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
  <configuration>
    <forkCount>3</forkCount>
    <reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
    <argLine>-Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m</argLine>
  </configuration>
</plugin>