在我看来，内建数组对于堆栈来说是很好的。如果你想在TypeScript中使用Queue，这里有一个实现

/**
 * A Typescript implementation of a queue.
 */
export default class Queue {

  private queue = [];
  private offset = 0;

  constructor(array = []) {
    // Init the queue using the contents of the array
    for (const item of array) {
      this.enqueue(item);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @returns {number} the length of the queue.
   */
  public getLength(): number {
    return (this.queue.length - this.offset);
  }

  /**
   * @returns {boolean} true if the queue is empty, and false otherwise.
   */
  public isEmpty(): boolean {
    return (this.queue.length === 0);
  }

  /**
   * Enqueues the specified item.
   *
   * @param item - the item to enqueue
   */
  public enqueue(item) {
    this.queue.push(item);
  }

  /**
   *  Dequeues an item and returns it. If the queue is empty, the value
   * {@code null} is returned.
   *
   * @returns {any}
   */
  public dequeue(): any {
    // if the queue is empty, return immediately
    if (this.queue.length === 0) {
      return null;
    }

    // store the item at the front of the queue
    const item = this.queue[this.offset];

    // increment the offset and remove the free space if necessary
    if (++this.offset * 2 >= this.queue.length) {
      this.queue = this.queue.slice(this.offset);
      this.offset = 0;
    }

    // return the dequeued item
    return item;
  };

  /**
   * Returns the item at the front of the queue (without dequeuing it).
   * If the queue is empty then {@code null} is returned.
   *
   * @returns {any}
   */
  public peek(): any {
    return (this.queue.length > 0 ? this.queue[this.offset] : null);
  }

}

这里有一个笑话测试

it('Queue', () => {
  const queue = new Queue();
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(0);
  expect(queue.peek()).toBeNull();
  expect(queue.dequeue()).toBeNull();

  queue.enqueue(1);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(1);
  queue.enqueue(2);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(2);
  queue.enqueue(3);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(3);

  expect(queue.peek()).toBe(1);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(3);
  expect(queue.dequeue()).toBe(1);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(2);

  expect(queue.peek()).toBe(2);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(2);
  expect(queue.dequeue()).toBe(2);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(1);

  expect(queue.peek()).toBe(3);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(1);
  expect(queue.dequeue()).toBe(3);
  expect(queue.getLength()).toBe(0);

  expect(queue.peek()).toBeNull();
  expect(queue.dequeue()).toBeNull();
});

希望有人觉得这有用，

欢呼,

Stu

使用两个堆栈构造一个队列。

O(1)用于入队和出队操作。

class Queue {
  constructor() {
    this.s1 = []; // in
    this.s2 = []; // out
  }

  enqueue(val) {
    this.s1.push(val);
  }

  dequeue() {
    if (this.s2.length === 0) {
      this._move();
    }

    return this.s2.pop(); // return undefined if empty
  }

  _move() {
    while (this.s1.length) {
      this.s2.push(this.s1.pop());
    }
  }
}

单端队列

这是一个使用映射的队列。由于插入顺序得到了保证，所以可以像迭代数组一样迭代它。除此之外，它的思想与Queue.js非常相似。

我做了一些简单的测试，但还没有进行广泛的测试。我还添加了一些我认为很好的功能(通过数组构造)或易于实现(例如last()和first())。

它背后的简单版本/直觉如下:

class Queue {
    constructor() {
        this.offset = 0
        this.data = new Map()
    }

    enqueue(item) {
        const current = this.offset + this.length()
        this.data.set(current, item)
    }

    dequeue() {
        if (this.length() > 0) {
            this.data.delete(this.offset)
            this.offset += 1
        }
    }

    first() {
        return this.data.get(this.offset)
    }

    last() {
        return this.data.get(this.offset + this.length() - 1)
    }

    length() {
        return this.data.size
    }
}

简单版本的问题是，当内存索引超过9千万亿(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER的值)时，需要重新映射内存。此外，我认为它可能很好有数组构造，它很高兴看到值正在进入队列和退出队列返回。可以通过编写以下代码来解释这一点:

class Queue {
    constructor() {
        this.offset = 0
        this.data = new Map()
        if (arguments.length === 1) this._initializeFromArray(arguments[0])
    }

    enqueue(item) {
        const current = this.offset + this.length()
        this.data.set(current, item)
        let result = this.data.get(current)
        this._remapDataIfMaxMemoryViolation(current, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
        return result
    }

    dequeue() {
        let result = undefined
        if (this.length() > 0) {
            result = this.data.get(this.offset)
            this.data.delete(this.offset)
            this.offset += 1
        }
        if (this.length() === 0) this.offset = 0
        return result
    }

    first() {
        return this.data.get(this.offset)
    }

    last() {
        return this.data.get(this.offset + this.length() - 1)
    }

    length() {
        return this.data.size
    }

    _remapDataIfMaxMemoryViolation(current, threshhold) {
        if (current+1 === threshhold) {
            const length = this.length()
            this.offset = 0
            for (const [key, value] of this.data) {
                this.data.set(this.offset, value)
                this.data.delete(key, value)
                this.offset += 1
                if (this.offset === length) break
            }       
        }
    }

    _initializeFromArray(array) {
        for (const value of array) {
            this.data.set(this.offset, value)
            this.offset += 1
        }
    }
}

我在Chrome开发控制台进行了一些测试，对完整版本进行了以下调用。

l = console.log // I'm lazy with typing
q = new Queue()
l('enqueue', q.enqueue(1))
l('enqueue', q.enqueue(2))
l('enqueue', q.enqueue(3))
l('enqueue', q.enqueue("hello"))
l('enqueue', q.enqueue("monkey"))
l('show 5 elements: ', q.data)
l('length', q.length())
l('first', q.first())
l('last', q.last())
l('dequeue', q.dequeue())
l('dequeue', q.dequeue())
l('show 3 elements', q.data)
q._remapDataIfMaxMemoryViolation(q.length()+q.offset-1, 5)
l('show 3 remapped elements', q.data)

l(queue = new Queue([3,4,5,6,7,8,9]))
l(queue.data)

下面是我使用链表实现的堆栈和队列:

// Linked List function Node(data) { this.data = data; this.next = null; } // Stack implemented using LinkedList function Stack() { this.top = null; } Stack.prototype.push = function(data) { var newNode = new Node(data); newNode.next = this.top; //Special attention this.top = newNode; } Stack.prototype.pop = function() { if (this.top !== null) { var topItem = this.top.data; this.top = this.top.next; return topItem; } return null; } Stack.prototype.print = function() { var curr = this.top; while (curr) { console.log(curr.data); curr = curr.next; } } // var stack = new Stack(); // stack.push(3); // stack.push(5); // stack.push(7); // stack.print(); // Queue implemented using LinkedList function Queue() { this.head = null; this.tail = null; } Queue.prototype.enqueue = function(data) { var newNode = new Node(data); if (this.head === null) { this.head = newNode; this.tail = newNode; } else { this.tail.next = newNode; this.tail = newNode; } } Queue.prototype.dequeue = function() { var newNode; if (this.head !== null) { newNode = this.head.data; this.head = this.head.next; } return newNode; } Queue.prototype.print = function() { var curr = this.head; while (curr) { console.log(curr.data); curr = curr.next; } } var queue = new Queue(); queue.enqueue(3); queue.enqueue(5); queue.enqueue(7); queue.print(); queue.dequeue(); queue.dequeue(); queue.print();

你可以使用WeakMaps来实现ES6类中的私有属性，以及JavaScript语言中String属性和方法的好处，如下所示:

const _items = new WeakMap();

class Stack {
  constructor() {
    _items.set(this, []);
  }

push(obj) {
  _items.get(this).push(obj);
}

pop() {
  const L = _items.get(this).length;
  if(L===0)
    throw new Error('Stack is empty');
  return _items.get(this).pop();
}

peek() {
  const items = _items.get(this);
  if(items.length === 0)
    throw new Error ('Stack is empty');
  return items[items.length-1];
}

get count() {
  return _items.get(this).length;
}
}

const stack = new Stack();

//now in console:
//stack.push('a')
//stack.push(1)
//stack.count   => 2
//stack.peek()  => 1
//stack.pop()   => 1
//stack.pop()   => "a"
//stack.count   => 0
//stack.pop()   => Error Stack is empty

Javascript中的常规数组结构是一个堆栈(先入后出)，也可以用作队列(先入先出)，这取决于你所做的调用。

检查这个链接，看看如何让一个数组像一个队列:

队列