和许多人一样，我一直在网上搜索，没有真正的答案:(

I've nevertheless find out a bypass that could help others. In my case I fully control my web server. In fact it is part of my application (see end reference). It is easy for me to add a script to my http response. I modified my httpd server to inject a small script within every html pages. I only push a extra 'js script' line right after my header construction, that set an existing variable from my document within my browser [I choose location], but any other option is possible. While my server is written in nodejs, I've no doubt that the same technique can be use from PHP or others.

  case ".html":
    response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
    response.write ("<script>location['GPSD_HTTP_AJAX']=true</script>")
    // process the real contend of my page

现在每一个html页面加载从我的服务器，有这个脚本执行的浏览器在接收。然后，我可以很容易地从JavaScript检查变量是否存在。在我的用例中，我需要知道我是否应该使用JSON或JSON- p配置文件来避免CORS问题，但同样的技术可以用于其他目的[即:在开发/生产服务器之间选择，从服务器获取REST/API密钥等....]

在浏览器上，你只需要直接从JavaScript检查变量，在我的例子中，我用它来选择我的Json/JQuery配置文件

 // Select direct Ajax/Json profile if using GpsdTracking/HttpAjax server otherwise use JsonP
  var corsbypass = true;  
  if (location['GPSD_HTTP_AJAX']) corsbypass = false;

  if (corsbypass) { // Json & html served from two different web servers
    var gpsdApi = "http://localhost:4080/geojson.rest?jsoncallback=?";
  } else { // Json & html served from same web server [no ?jsoncallback=]
    var gpsdApi = "geojson.rest?";
  }
  var gpsdRqt = 
      {key   :123456789 // user authentication key
      ,cmd   :'list'    // rest command
      ,group :'all'     // group to retreive
      ,round : true     // ask server to round numbers
   };
   $.getJSON(gpsdApi,gpsdRqt, DevListCB);

对于任何想要检查我代码的人: https://www.npmjs.org/package/gpsdtracking

如果我们讨论的是请求标头，您可以在执行xmlhttprequest时创建自己的标头。

var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.setRequestHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
request.open("GET", path, true);
request.send(null);

向JavaScript发送报头信息的另一种方法是通过cookie。服务器可以从请求头中提取它需要的任何数据，并将它们发送回Set-Cookie响应头中——并且cookie可以在JavaScript中读取。但是，正如keparo所说，最好只对一个或两个头文件执行此操作，而不是对所有头文件执行此操作。

使用mootools，你可以使用this.xhr.getAllResponseHeaders()

和许多人一样，我一直在网上搜索，没有真正的答案:(

I've nevertheless find out a bypass that could help others. In my case I fully control my web server. In fact it is part of my application (see end reference). It is easy for me to add a script to my http response. I modified my httpd server to inject a small script within every html pages. I only push a extra 'js script' line right after my header construction, that set an existing variable from my document within my browser [I choose location], but any other option is possible. While my server is written in nodejs, I've no doubt that the same technique can be use from PHP or others.

  case ".html":
    response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
    response.write ("<script>location['GPSD_HTTP_AJAX']=true</script>")
    // process the real contend of my page

现在每一个html页面加载从我的服务器，有这个脚本执行的浏览器在接收。然后，我可以很容易地从JavaScript检查变量是否存在。在我的用例中，我需要知道我是否应该使用JSON或JSON- p配置文件来避免CORS问题，但同样的技术可以用于其他目的[即:在开发/生产服务器之间选择，从服务器获取REST/API密钥等....]

在浏览器上，你只需要直接从JavaScript检查变量，在我的例子中，我用它来选择我的Json/JQuery配置文件

 // Select direct Ajax/Json profile if using GpsdTracking/HttpAjax server otherwise use JsonP
  var corsbypass = true;  
  if (location['GPSD_HTTP_AJAX']) corsbypass = false;

  if (corsbypass) { // Json & html served from two different web servers
    var gpsdApi = "http://localhost:4080/geojson.rest?jsoncallback=?";
  } else { // Json & html served from same web server [no ?jsoncallback=]
    var gpsdApi = "geojson.rest?";
  }
  var gpsdRqt = 
      {key   :123456789 // user authentication key
      ,cmd   :'list'    // rest command
      ,group :'all'     // group to retreive
      ,round : true     // ask server to round numbers
   };
   $.getJSON(gpsdApi,gpsdRqt, DevListCB);

对于任何想要检查我代码的人: https://www.npmjs.org/package/gpsdtracking

这是我的脚本，以获得所有的响应头:

var url = "< URL >";

var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open('HEAD', url, false);
req.send(null);
var headers = req.getAllResponseHeaders();

//Show alert with response headers.
alert(headers);

结果有响应头。

这是一个使用Hurl.it的对比测试: