摘自[博客]:http://sickprogrammersarea.blogspot.in/2014/03/technical-interview-questions-on-c_6.html

深度复制涉及使用一个对象的内容创建同一类的另一个实例。在深度复制中，两个对象可能包含相同的信息，但目标对象将有自己的缓冲区和资源。任何一个对象的销毁都不会影响剩下的对象。重载赋值操作符将创建对象的深层副本。

浅拷贝包括将一个对象的内容复制到同类的另一个实例中，从而创建镜像。由于直接复制引用和指针，这两个对象将共享另一个对象的相同外部包含内容，这是不可预测的。

解释:

Using a copy constructor we simply copy the data values member by member. This method of copying is called shallow copy. If the object is a simple class, comprised of built in types and no pointers this would be acceptable. This function would use the values and the objects and its behavior would not be altered with a shallow copy, only the addresses of pointers that are members are copied and not the value the address is pointing to. The data values of the object would then be inadvertently altered by the function. When the function goes out of scope, the copy of the object with all its data is popped off the stack.

如果对象有任何指针，则需要执行深度复制。对于对象的深层拷贝，在自由存储区中为对象分配内存，并复制指向的元素。深度拷贝用于函数返回的对象。

The copy constructor is used to initialize the new object with the previously created object of the same class. By default compiler wrote a shallow copy. Shallow copy works fine when dynamic memory allocation is not involved because when dynamic memory allocation is involved then both objects will points towards the same memory location in a heap, Therefore to remove this problem we wrote deep copy so both objects have their own copy of attributes in a memory. In order to read the details with complete examples and explanations you could see the article C++ constructors.

假设有两个数组arr1和arr2。

arr1 = arr2;   //shallow copy
arr1 = arr2.clone(); //deep copy

“ShallowCopy”指向与“Source”相同的内存位置。“DeepCopy”指向内存中的不同位置，但内容是相同的。

什么是浅复制?

浅复制是对象的逐位复制。创建一个新对象，该对象具有原始对象中值的精确副本。如果对象的任何字段是对其他对象的引用，则只复制引用地址，即只复制内存地址。

In this figure, the MainObject1 has fields field1 of type int, and ContainObject1 of type ContainObject. When you do a shallow copy of MainObject1, MainObject2 is created with field2 containing the copied value of field1 and still pointing to ContainObject1 itself. Note that since field1 is of primitive type, its value is copied to field2 but since ContainedObject1 is an object, MainObject2 still points to ContainObject1. So any changes made to ContainObject1 in MainObject1 will be reflected in MainObject2.

如果这是浅复制，我们看看什么是深复制?

什么是深度复制?

深度复制复制所有字段，并复制由字段指向的动态分配的内存。当对象与其引用的对象一起复制时，就会发生深度复制。

在这个图中，MainObject1具有类型为int的字段field1和类型为ContainObject的字段ContainObject1。在对MainObject1进行深度复制时，MainObject2创建时，field2包含从field1复制的值，而ContainObject2包含从ContainObject1复制的值。注意，MainObject1中对ContainObject1所做的任何更改都不会反映在MainObject2中。

篇好文章

浅拷贝不会创建新的引用，但深拷贝会创建新的引用。

下面是程序解释的深拷贝和浅拷贝。

public class DeepAndShollowCopy {
    int id;
    String name;
    List<String> testlist = new ArrayList<>();

    /*
    // To performing Shallow Copy 
    // Note: Here we are not creating any references. 
      public DeepAndShollowCopy(int id, String name, List<String>testlist)
       { 

       System.out.println("Shallow Copy for Object initialization");
       this.id = id; 
       this.name = name; 
       this.testlist = testlist; 

       }
    */  

    // To performing Deep Copy 
    // Note: Here we are creating one references( Al arraylist object ). 
    public DeepAndShollowCopy(int id, String name, List<String> testlist) {
        System.out.println("Deep Copy for Object initialization");
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        String item;
        List<String> Al = new ArrayList<>();
        Iterator<String> itr = testlist.iterator();
        while (itr.hasNext()) {
            item = itr.next();
            Al.add(item);
        }
        this.testlist = Al;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("Java");
        list.add("Oracle");
        list.add("C++");
        DeepAndShollowCopy copy=new DeepAndShollowCopy(10,"Testing", list);
        System.out.println(copy.toString());
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "DeepAndShollowCopy [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", testlist=" + testlist + "]";
    }
}