绝对路径

require './app/example_file.rb'

缩短的名字

require_relative 'example_file'

看看这些文件:

Require_relative是内置方法require的补充，它允许你加载一个相对于包含Require_relative语句的文件的文件。 例如，如果你在"test"目录下有单元测试类，在"test/data"目录下有它们的数据，那么你可以在测试用例中使用这样的行: require_relative“数据/ customer_data_1”

来自Ruby API:

require_relative complements the builtin method require by allowing you to load a file that is relative to the file containing the require_relative statement. When you use require to load a file, you are usually accessing functionality that has been properly installed, and made accessible, in your system. require does not offer a good solution for loading files within the project’s code. This may be useful during a development phase, for accessing test data, or even for accessing files that are "locked" away inside a project, not intended for outside use. For example, if you have unit test classes in the "test" directory, and data for them under the test "test/data" directory, then you might use a line like this in a test case: require_relative "data/customer_data_1" Since neither "test" nor "test/data" are likely to be in Ruby’s library path (and for good reason), a normal require won’t find them. require_relative is a good solution for this particular problem. You may include or omit the extension (.rb or .so) of the file you are loading. path must respond to to_str.

您可以在http://extensions.rubyforge.org/rdoc/classes/Kernel.html上找到相关文档

绝对路径

require './app/example_file.rb'

缩短的名字

require_relative 'example_file'

我刚刚看到RSpec的代码中有一些关于require_relative是O(1)常数和require是O(N)线性的注释。因此，可能区别在于require_relative比require更可取。

上面的答案是正确的，但技术性很强。对于刚接触Ruby的人:

Require_relative很可能用于从您编写的另一个文件引入代码。

例如，如果数据在~/my-project/data中。你想把它包含在~/my-project/solution。Rb ?在解决方案。Rb你会添加require_relative 'data'。

需要注意的是，这些文件不需要在同一个目录中。require_relative“. . / . ./folder1/folder2/data'也是有效的。

Require很可能用于从别人编写的库中引入代码。

例如，如果您想使用active_support库中提供的一个helper函数，该怎么办?你需要用gem install activesupport安装gem，然后在文件中要求'active_support'。

require 'active_support/all'
"FooBar".underscore

说不同,

Require_relative需要一个专门指向调用它的文件的文件。 require要求包含在$LOAD_PATH中的文件。