如何在Ruby中编写switch语句?


当前回答

Ruby使用case编写switch语句。

根据案例文件:

Case语句包含一个可选条件,该条件位于一个参数到case的位置,以及零个或多个when子句。与条件匹配的第一个when子句(或计算为布尔真值(如果条件为空)“wins”及其代码节执行。case语句的值是成功的when子句,如果没有这样的子句,则为nil。case语句可以以else子句结尾。当语句可以有多个候选值,用逗号分隔。

例子:

case x
when 1,2,3
  puts "1, 2, or 3"
when 10
  puts "10"
else
  puts "Some other number"
end

较短版本:

case x
when 1,2,3 then puts "1, 2, or 3"
when 10 then puts "10"
else puts "Some other number"
end

正如“Ruby的case语句-高级技术”所描述的Ruby case;

可用于范围:

case 5
when (1..10)
  puts "case statements match inclusion in a range"
end

## => "case statements match inclusion in a range"

可与Regex一起使用:

case "FOOBAR"
when /BAR$/
  puts "they can match regular expressions!"
end

## => "they can match regular expressions!"

可与Procs和Lambdas一起使用:

case 40
when -> (n) { n.to_s == "40" }
  puts "lambdas!"
end

## => "lambdas"

此外,还可以与您自己的匹配类一起使用:

class Success
  def self.===(item)
    item.status >= 200 && item.status < 300
  end
end

class Empty
  def self.===(item)
    item.response_size == 0
  end
end

case http_response
when Empty
  puts "response was empty"
when Success
  puts "response was a success"
end

其他回答

我已经开始使用:

a = "secondcase"

var_name = case a
  when "firstcase" then "foo"
  when "secondcase" then "bar"
end

puts var_name
>> "bar"

在某些情况下,它有助于压缩代码。

在Ruby中,可以用两种不同的方式编写case表达式:

类似于一系列if语句在case旁边指定一个目标,并将每个when子句与目标进行比较。

age = 20
case 
when age >= 21
puts "display something"
when 1 == 0
puts "omg"
else
puts "default condition"
end

or:

case params[:unknown]
when /Something/ then 'Nothing'
when /Something else/ then 'I dont know'
end

case语句运算符在其他语言中类似于switch。

这是switch的语法。。。C中的情况:

switch (expression)
​{
    case constant1:
      // statements
      break;
    case constant2:
      // statements
      break;
    .
    .
    .
    default:
      // default statements
}

这是case的语法。。。使用Ruby时:

case expression
  when constant1, constant2 #Each when statement can have multiple candidate values, separated by commas.
     # statements 
     next # is like continue in other languages
  when constant3
     # statements 
     exit # exit is like break in other languages
  .
  .
  .
  else
     # statements
end

例如:

x = 10
case x
when 1,2,3
  puts "1, 2, or 3"
  exit
when 10
  puts "10" # it will stop here and execute that line
  exit # then it'll exit
else
  puts "Some other number"
end

有关更多信息,请参阅案例文档。

如果您需要“小于”或“大于”:

case x
when 1..5
  "It's between 1 and 5"
when 6
  "It's 6"
when 7..1.0/0
  "It's equal or greater than 7"
when -1.0/0..0
  "It's equal or less than 0"
end

1.0/0等于Float::INFINITY,因此您可以使用自己喜欢的。

在Ruby 2.6之后,您可以使用Endless Ranges,在Ruby 2.7之后,您还可以使用Beginless Ranges,例如:

case x
when 1..5
  "It's between 1 and 5"
when 6
  "It's 6"
when (7..)
  "It's equal or greater than 7"
when (..0)
  "It's equal or less than 0"
end

我更喜欢使用case+then

number = 10

case number
when 1...8 then # ...
when 8...15 then # ...
when 15.. then # ...
end