C++ doesn't allow virtual template member functions right now. The most likely reason is the complexity of implementing it. Rajendra gives good reason why it can't be done right now but it could be possible with reasonable changes of the standard. Especially working out how many instantiations of a templated function actually exist and building up the vtable seems difficult if you consider the place of the virtual function call. Standards people just have a lot of other things to do right now and C++1x is a lot of work for the compiler writers as well.

什么时候需要模板成员函数?我曾经遇到过这样的情况，我试图用纯虚拟基类重构一个层次结构。这是一种执行不同策略的糟糕风格。我想将其中一个虚函数的实参更改为数值类型，而不是重载成员函数并覆盖所有子类中的每一个重载，我尝试使用虚模板函数(并且不得不发现它们不存在)。

在其他答案中，建议的模板函数是一个门面，并不能提供任何实际的好处。

模板函数对于只编写一次代码很有用 不同的类型。 虚函数对于为不同的类提供公共接口非常有用。

该语言不允许虚拟模板函数，但通过一个变通方法，可以同时拥有两者，例如，每个类都有一个模板实现和一个虚拟公共接口。

但是，有必要为每个模板类型组合定义一个虚拟包装器函数:

#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

//---------------------------------------------
// Abstract class with virtual functions
class Geometry {
public:
    virtual void getArea(float &area) = 0;
    virtual void getArea(long double &area) = 0;
};

//---------------------------------------------
// Square
class Square : public Geometry {
public:
    float size {1};

    // virtual wrapper functions call template function for square
    virtual void getArea(float &area) { getAreaT(area); }
    virtual void getArea(long double &area) { getAreaT(area); }

private:
    // Template function for squares
    template <typename T>
    void getAreaT(T &area) {
        area = static_cast<T>(size * size);
    }
};

//---------------------------------------------
// Circle
class Circle : public Geometry  {
public:
    float radius {1};

    // virtual wrapper functions call template function for circle
    virtual void getArea(float &area) { getAreaT(area); }
    virtual void getArea(long double &area) { getAreaT(area); }

private:
    // Template function for Circles
    template <typename T>
    void getAreaT(T &area) {
        area = static_cast<T>(radius * radius * 3.1415926535897932385L);
    }
};


//---------------------------------------------
// Main
int main()
{
    // get area of square using template based function T=float
    std::unique_ptr<Geometry> geometry = std::make_unique<Square>();
    float areaSquare;
    geometry->getArea(areaSquare);

    // get area of circle using template based function T=long double
    geometry = std::make_unique<Circle>();
    long double areaCircle;
    geometry->getArea(areaCircle);

    std::cout << std::setprecision(20) << "Square area is " << areaSquare << ", Circle area is " << areaCircle << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

输出:

方形面积为1，圆形面积为3.1415926535897932385

在这里试试

从c++模板的完整指南:

Member function templates cannot be declared virtual. This constraint is imposed because the usual implementation of the virtual function call mechanism uses a fixed-size table with one entry per virtual function. However, the number of instantiations of a member function template is not fixed until the entire program has been translated. Hence, supporting virtual member function templates would require support for a whole new kind of mechanism in C++ compilers and linkers. In contrast, the ordinary members of class templates can be virtual because their number is fixed when a class is instantiated

不可以，模板成员函数不能为虚函数。

至少在gcc 5.4中，虚函数可以是模板成员，但必须是模板本身。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class first {
protected:
    virtual std::string  a1() { return "a1"; }
    virtual std::string  mixt() { return a1(); }
};

class last {
protected:
    virtual std::string a2() { return "a2"; }
};

template<class T>  class mix: first , T {
    public:
    virtual std::string mixt() override;
};

template<class T> std::string mix<T>::mixt() {
   return a1()+" before "+T::a2();
}

class mix2: public mix<last>  {
    virtual std::string a1() override { return "mix"; }
};

int main() {
    std::cout << mix2().mixt();
    return 0;
}

输出

mix before a2
Process finished with exit code 0

虽然很多人已经回答了一个老问题，但我相信一个简洁的方法，与其他发布的方法没有太大不同，就是使用一个小宏来帮助减轻类声明的重复。

// abstract.h

// Simply define the types that each concrete class will use
#define IMPL_RENDER() \
    void render(int a, char *b) override { render_internal<char>(a, b); }   \
    void render(int a, short *b) override { render_internal<short>(a, b); } \
    // ...

class Renderable
{
public:
    // Then, once for each on the abstract
    virtual void render(int a, char *a) = 0;
    virtual void render(int a, short *b) = 0;
    // ...
};

现在，要实现我们的子类:

class Box : public Renderable
{
public:
    IMPL_RENDER() // Builds the functions we want

private:
    template<typename T>
    void render_internal(int a, T *b); // One spot for our logic
};

这样做的好处是，当添加一个新支持的类型时，它可以从抽象头文件中完成，而不必在多个源文件/头文件中进行修改。