一个epoch包含几个迭代。这就是这个时代。让我们把epoch定义为训练神经网络时在数据集上的迭代次数。

epoch是用于训练的样本子集的迭代，例如，神经网络中的梯度下降算法。一个很好的参考:http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap1.html

请注意，该页面有一个使用epoch的梯度下降算法的代码

def SGD(self, training_data, epochs, mini_batch_size, eta,
        test_data=None):
    """Train the neural network using mini-batch stochastic
    gradient descent.  The "training_data" is a list of tuples
    "(x, y)" representing the training inputs and the desired
    outputs.  The other non-optional parameters are
    self-explanatory.  If "test_data" is provided then the
    network will be evaluated against the test data after each
    epoch, and partial progress printed out.  This is useful for
    tracking progress, but slows things down substantially."""
    if test_data: n_test = len(test_data)
    n = len(training_data)
    for j in xrange(epochs):
        random.shuffle(training_data)
        mini_batches = [
            training_data[k:k+mini_batch_size]
            for k in xrange(0, n, mini_batch_size)]
        for mini_batch in mini_batches:
            self.update_mini_batch(mini_batch, eta)
        if test_data:
            print "Epoch {0}: {1} / {2}".format(
                j, self.evaluate(test_data), n_test)
        else:
            print "Epoch {0} complete".format(j)

看看代码。对于每个历元，我们随机生成梯度下降算法输入的子集。为什么epoch是有效的，也解释了这一页。请看一看。

一个epoch包含几个迭代。这就是这个时代。让我们把epoch定义为训练神经网络时在数据集上的迭代次数。

Epoch is 1 complete cycle where the Neural network has seen all the data. One might have said 100,000 images to train the model, however, memory space might not be sufficient to process all the images at once, hence we split training the model on smaller chunks of data called batches. e.g. batch size is 100. We need to cover all the images using multiple batches. So we will need 1000 iterations to cover all the 100,000 images. (100 batch size * 1000 iterations) Once Neural Network looks at the entire data it is called 1 Epoch (Point 1). One might need multiple epochs to train the model. (let us say 10 epochs).

许多神经网络训练算法都涉及到将整个数据集多次呈现给神经网络。通常，整个数据集的单一表示被称为“epoch”。相比之下，一些算法一次只向神经网络提供一个案例的数据。

“迭代”是一个更一般的术语，但既然你和“epoch”一起问了这个词，我假设你的来源是指一个单一案例对神经网络的呈现。

根据我的理解，当你需要训练一个NN时，你需要一个包含许多数据项的大型数据集。在训练神经网络时，数据项一个一个地进入神经网络，这称为迭代;当整个数据集通过时，它被称为epoch。